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(1)
(AKINSO OPEN):
POOR SLEEP IS NOT A NECESSARY PART OF GETTING OLDER. THAT IS ONE OF THE THINGS YOU'LL LEARN WHEN YOU CHECK OUT THE NEW "SLEEP AND AGING" SUBJECT ON THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING'S WEBSITE, "N-I-H-SENIOR-HEALTH"-DOT-GOV. THERE, YOU'LL FIND ACCURATE, HELPFUL INFORMATION DESIGNED TO HELP OLDER ADULTS GET A GOOD NIGHT'S SLEEP--ACCORDING TO DOCTOR ANDREW MONJAN [AS IN "MONTY"], CHIEF OF THE N-I-A'S "NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING BRANCH"...
(MONJAN):
"THERE'S THE OLD CONCEPT THAT OLDER PEOPLE DON'T NEED AS MUCH SLEEP--AND THAT HAS BEEN SHOWN BY RESEARCH NOT TO BE THE CASE. OLDER ADULTS NEED AS MUCH SLEEP AS YOUNGER ADULTS: ABOUT EIGHT HOURS--OR A THIRD OF YOUR DAY--SHOULD BE SLEEP, IN ORDER FOR YOU TO PERFORM WELL AND FEEL HEALTHY. SLEEP DEPRIVATION--WHICH IS COMMON IN OUR SOCIETY--AFFECTS THE BODY IN A NUMBER OF WAYS: IT CAN AFFECT THE ABILITY TO THINK SHARPLY. WE ALL KNOW THAT, IF WE DON'T SLEEP, WE DON'T FEEL AS WELL DURING THE DAY."
(AKINSO CLOSE):
THE WEBSITE ALSO FOCUSES ON SLEEP DISORDERS, AND THEIR TREATMENTS. FOR MORE INFORMATION, VISIT W-W-W-DOT-"N-I-H-SENIOR-HEALTH"-DOT-GOV. THIS IS WALLY AKINSO, THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, BETHESDA, MARYLAND.
(2)
(SCHMALFELDT OPEN):
FOR DECADES, DOCTORS HAVE USED A VARIETY OF MEDICINES TO TREAT PARTIAL BLOCKAGE OF ARTERIES IN THE BRAIN, WITHOUT CLEAR EVIDENCE THAT ONE THERAPY WAS BETTER THAN ANOTHER--UNTIL NOW. A CLINICAL TRIAL FUNDED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE SHOWS THAT SIMPLE ASPIRIN IS JUST AS EFFECTIVE AS THE PRESCRIPTION BLOOD-THINNER "WARFARIN". DOCTOR JOHN MARLER--ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR FOR CLINICAL TRIALS AT THE N-I-N-D-S--SAYS THIS IS GOOD NEWS FOR PATIENTS...
(MARLER):
"THE USE OF 'WARFARIN' IS VERY COMPLICATED: YOU HAVE A LOT OF BLOOD TESTING DONE; IT'S HARD FOR PATIENTS TO KEEP THE LEVEL OF ANTICOAGULATION UNDER CONTROL, TO BE SAFE. NOW, WE KNOW SOMETHING THAT IS SIMPLER AND EASIER AND CHEAPER ACTUALLY WORKS BETTER. WE DON'T GET NEWS LIKE THAT VERY OFTEN."
(SCHMALFELDT BRIDGE):
NOT ONLY IS THE COST PER DOSE OF ASPIRIN MUCH LOWER THAN THAT OF "WARFARIN"--THE PRESCRIPTION BLOOD-THINNER ALSO CARRIES THE POTENTIAL OF SOME SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS, DOCTOR MARLER SAID...
(MARLER):
"THE MAJOR SIDE EFFECT IS BLEEDING--AND BLEEDING IN VERY INCONVENIENT PLACES, LIKE INSIDE YOUR BRAIN--WHERE WE CAN'T GET TO IT TO STOP THE BLEEDING FROM CAUSING MAJOR DAMAGE AND DISABILITY."
(SCHMALFELDT CLOSE):
ACCORDING TO THE STUDY--PUBLISHED IN THE MARCH 31ST EDITION OF THE "NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE"--USING ASPIRIN THERAPY INSTEAD OF "WARFARIN" WOULD RESULT IN MORE THAN 20-MILLION DOLLARS IN SAVINGS, IN THE UNITED STATES. THE STUDY INVOLVED 569 PATIENTS AT 59 MEDICAL CENTERS, LOCATED AROUND THE COUNTRY. ALL OF THE PATIENTS HAD A GREATER-THAN-50-PERCENT BLOCKAGE OF A MAJOR INTRACRANIAL ARTERY--AND HAD EXPERIENCED A TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK, OR A NON-DISABLING STROKE, WITHIN THE 90 DAYS PRIOR TO ENROLLING IN THE STUDY. THE AUTHORS OF THE STUDY CAUTION THAT PATIENTS TAKING "WARFARIN" FOR CONDITIONS SUCH AS IRREGULAR HEART RHYTHM, OR CLOTS IN THE LEGS OR LUNGS, SHOULD NOT STOP TAKING THE DRUG--AS STUDIES HAVE FOUND "WARFARIN" TO BE THE BEST OPTION FOR THOSE CONDITIONS. FROM THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, I'M BILL SCHMALFELDT, IN BETHESDA, MARYLAND.
(3)
AKINSO OPEN):
THE USE OF ULTRASOUND IN COMBINATION WITH THE DRUG "T-P-A" CAN IMPROVE RESPONSE TO ISCHEMIC STROKES--ACCORDING TO A STUDY INVOLVING 126 PATIENTS. SINCE 19-96, THE DRUG "T-P-A"--WHICH IS A CLOT-BUSTING DRUG--HAS BEEN THE ONLY F-D-A-APPROVED THERAPY FOR ACUTE ISCHEMIC STROKE. ULTRASOUND IS A SAFE, NON-INVASIVE, F-D-A-APPROVED DIAGNOSTIC TEST THAT USES SOUND WAVES TO MEASURE BLOOD-FLOW VELOCITY IN LARGE ARTERIES. DOCTOR SCOTT JANIS--A PROGRAM OFFICER FOR THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE--EXPLAINS THE DESIGN OF THE TRIAL...
(JANIS):
"WHAT THIS TRIAL WAS DESIGNED TO DO WAS TO SEE WHETHER OR NOT THE 'T-P-A' THERAPY COULD BE IMPROVED AND MADE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN JUST USING THE DRUG ALONE. SO, IN ORDER TO DO THIS TRIAL, PATIENTS WERE ASSIGNED TO RECEIVE EITHER [THE] DRUG ALONE OR A COMBINATION OF THE TWO DRUGS [SIC]--AND THE INVESTIGATORS MEASURED TO SEE WHETHER OR NOT THE CLOT COULD BE RESOLVED MORE QUICKLY, AND THEN THE BLOOD COULD BE RESTORED TO THE BRAIN MORE RAPIDLY."
(AKINSO BRIDGE):
THE 126 PATIENTS WERE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUPS: 63 PATIENTS USED THE "T-P-A" IN COMBINATION WITH CONTINUOUS TRANS-CRANIAL DOPPLER ULTRASOUND; AND THE OTHER 63 PATIENTS--THE CONTROL GROUP--USED JUST THE "T-P-A" ALONE. DOCTOR JANIS DISCUSSES THE RESULTS OF THE TRIAL...
(JANIS):
"SO, THE TRIAL SHOWED THAT ULTRASOUND COULD BE SAFELY APPLIED IN COMBINATION WITH 'T-P-A'. THE RESULTS SHOWED THAT COMBINING THESE THERAPIES IMPROVED THE BLOOD FLOW AFTER THE ISCHEMIC EVENT--OR AFTER THE STROKE--COMPARED TO JUST GIVING 'T-P-A' ALONE."
(AKINSO CLOSE):
49-PERCENT OF PATIENTS WHO RECEIVED CONTINUOUS ULTRASOUND AND "T-P-A" SHOWED IMPROVEMENT AND LITTLE OR NO BLOCKAGE WITHIN TWO HOURS AFTER THERAPY BEGAN--COMPARED TO 30-PERCENT WHO RECEIVED "T-P-A" ALONE. IN ALL, 73-PERCENT OF THE PATIENTS WHO RECEIVED THE COMBINED THERAPY SHOWED COMPLETE OR PARTIAL CLEARANCE OF THE CLOT--COMPARED TO 50-PERCENT IN THE CONTROL GROUP. THIS IS WALLY AKINSO, THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, BETHESDA, MARYLAND.
(4)
(THORNTON OPEN):
AN EXPERIMENT IN CONTROLLING STRESS IN RATS MAY HOLD SOME GOOD NEWS FOR HUMANS. THE STUDY--SPONSORED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH, AND THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE--SHOWED THAT, BY MIMICKING THE BRAIN'S "ALL CLEAR" SIGNAL, SCIENTISTS WERE ABLE TO CONTROL ANXIETY, STRESS, AND FEAR IN RATS. THIS DISCOVERY COULD HAVE IMPLICATIONS IN TREATING HUMANS, ACCORDING TO DOCTOR STEVEN MAIER--PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, AND AUTHOR OF THE STUDY...
(MAIER):
"SOME OF IT'S GOT TO DO WITH HOW THE INDIVIDUAL PERCEIVES THE EVENT THAT OCCURS. IT TURNS OUT THAT ONE OF THE MOST-POTENT VARIABLES THAT MODULATES HOW INDIVIDUALS REACT TO NEGATIVE LIFE EVENTS IS THE DEGREE TO WHICH THEY CAN EXERT BEHAVIORAL CONTROL OVER THE EVENT--OR BELIEVE THEY CAN EXERT CONTROL. FOR A LONG TIME, WE AND OTHER LABS HAVE BEEN TRYING TO UNDERSTAND THE NEURAL BASIS OF THIS DIFFERENCE--THAT IS, HOW IS IT THAT A CONTROLLABLE AND AN UNCONTROLLABLE AVERSIVE EVENT PRODUCES VERY DIFFERENT OUTCOMES FOR BEHAVIOR AND FOR PHYSIOLOGY--AND FOR BRAIN RESPONSES--EVEN THOUGH THE EVENTS ARE PHYSICALLY IDENTICAL IN THE TWO CASES?"
(THORNTON CLOSE):
DOCTOR MAIER'S TEAM INACTIVATED A PORTION OF THE RATS' BRAIN KNOWN AS THE "MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX", TO SEE HOW IT REACTED WHEN THEY WERE STRESSED. THE STUDY SHOWED THAT--WHEN THAT PORTION OF THE BRAIN DETERMINES THAT A SOURCE OF STRESS IS CONTROLLABLE--IT GIVES OFF A SIGNAL THAT, IN EFFECT, TELLS THE BRAIN THERE'S NO NEED TO GET EXCITED. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT A LACK OF CONTROL OVER STRESSFUL LIFE EXPERIENCES HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS. THIS IS MATTHEW THORNTON, THE NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, BETHESDA, MARYLAND.
MBV050409_017.mp3 (2302.5k)
不好意思，第一次参加这个活动，献丑了，先把第一段写出来。不确定的地方用蓝色加粗表示吧。
第一段：
Poor sleep is not a nessary part of getting older.That is one of the things you will learn when you checkout the newest sleep and aging subject on the nation institute on agents website:niaseniorhealth.gov. There you'll find accurate, helpful information designed to help older adults get a good night sleep. According to Dr.Andrew Margin,chief of NIA's neurobiology of Agent Branch,"There is old concept that older people don't need as much sleep,and that's been shown by research not to be the case.Older adult need as much sleep as younger adults,abour 8 hours or one third of the day shall be sleep for you to perform well and feel healthy.Sleep deprivation,which is common in our society, affects the body in a number of ways,it can affects the ability to think sharply,we all know that we don't sleep ,we don't feel as well during the day". The website also focus on all sleep disorders and their treatment,for more information,visit www.niaseniorhealth.gov , this is Valen Catho, the nation institute of health, but does the Milyran
第二段：
For decades, doctors used variaties of medicines to treat partial blockage of arteries in the brain without clear evidence that one therapy was better than another, untill now, a clinical trial, found by national institute of neurologic disorders and stroke,shows simply aspirin is just as effective as the prescibtion best-seller warfarin, Dr.John Maller,associate diector for clinical trial of the NINDS,says this is a good news for patients,"the use of warfarin is so complicated that you have a lot of blood testing done.it's hard for the patients to keep the level of anticoagulation under control to be safe,now we know someting that is simpler and easier and cheaper,actually works better,we don't get news like that very often".Not only is the cost and per dose of aspirin much lower than that of warfarin,the presciption blood-thinner also carry the potential of some serious side effects,Dr.Maller said,"the major side effect is bleeding,and bleeding in very inconvinence places like inside your brain,where we can get to stop the bleeding from causing major damage and disbility" According to the study,as published in the March 31 edition of the NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE,using aspirin therapy instead of warfarin,will result in more than 20 million dollars saving in the U.S. The study involved 569 patients and 59 medical centers located around the country.All of the patients had a greater than 50% blockage of major intracranial artery and had an experience of transit ischemic attack or non disabling stoke within the 90 days prior to enroll in the study. The authors of the study caution the patients taking Warfarin for condition such as irregular heart rhythm or clots in the legs and lungs should not stop taking the drug. As studies have found Warfarin to be the best option for those conditions. From the National Institute of health. I’m Bill in the ??? Maryland.
第三段
The use of ultrasound in combination with the drug "TPA" can improve response to ischemic strokes,according to a study involving 126 patients. since 1996, the drug "TPA",which is a clot-busting drug,has been the only FDA approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Ultrasound is a safe, non-invasive, FDA approved diagnostic test that uses sound waves to measure blood-flow velocity in large arteries. Doctor scot janes--a program officer for the national institute of neurological disorders and stroke--explains the design of the trial:"what this trial was designed to do was to see whether or not the ' TPA ' therapy could be improved and made more effective than just using the drug alone. so, in order to do this trial, patients were assigned to receive either drug alone or a combination of the two drugs-and the investigators measured to see whether or not the clot could be resolved more quickly, and then the blood could be restored to the brain more rapidly." the 126 patients were divided into two groups: 63 patients used the " TPA " in combination with continuous trans-cranial doppler ultrasound; and the other 63 patients--the control group--used just the "TPA" alone. doctor janis discusses the results of the trial:"so, the trial showed that ultrasound could be safely applied in combination with “TPA”. the results showed that combining these therapies improved the blood flow after the ischemic event--or after the stroke--compared to just giving ' TPA ' alone." 49-percent of patients who received continuous ultrasound and "TPA" showed improvement and little or no blockage within two hours after therapy began--compared to 30-percent who received "TPA" alone. in all, 73-percent of the patients who received the combined therapy showed complete or partial clearance of the clot--compared to 50-percent in the control group. this is walli kinson, the national institutes of health, ???maryland.
第四段
An experiment in controlling stress in rats may hold some good news for humans. The study--sponsored by the national institute of mental health, and the national institute on drug abuse--showed that, by mimicking the brain's "all clear" signal, scientists were able to control anxiety, stress, and fear in rats. This discovery could have implications in treating humans, according to Doctor steven mayer rofessor at the university of colorado, and author of the study: “some of it's got to do with how the individual perceives the event that occurs. It turns out that one of the most-potent variables that modulates how individuals react to negative life events is the degree to which they can exert behavioral control over the event--or believe they can exert control. For a long time, we and other labs have been trying to understand the neural basis of this difference--that is, how is it that a controllable and an uncontrollable aversive event produces very different outcomes for behavior and for physiology--and for brain responses--even though the events are physically identical in the two cases?"
Doctor mayer's team inactivated a portion of the rats' brain known as the "medial prefrontal cortex", to see how it reacted when they were stressed. The study showed that--when that portion of the brain determines that a source of stress is controllable--it gives off a signal that, in effect, tells the brain there's no need to get excited. Previous studies have shown that a lack of control over stressful life experiences has been implicated in mood and anxiety disorders. This is ？？？, the national institutes of health,？？？, maryland.
终于全部写完了，计算一下时间，居然用了将近2个小时，太累了
给dingmmm 主任提个小建议：以后的练习能不能稍微短一点？ 个人感觉两段的话最好
括号内为听错的部分。前2句太难，听了不下100遍
Poor sleep(porsleep) is not a necessary part of getting older. That is one of the things(one thing) you'll learn when you check out the new sleep and aging（aiding） subject on the national institute on aging's website, nihseniorhealth（NIH seeing help）.gov(girl). There, you'll find accurate(accury), helpful information designed to help older adults get a good night's sleep(nightsleep),according to doctor Andrew Monjan(Morgen), chief of the NIA's(NIH) neurobiology of aging branch.
There's the old concept that older people don't need as much sleep,and that has been shown by research not to be the case. Older adults need as much sleep as younger adults: about eight hours--or a third of your day--should be sleep, in order for you to perform well and feel healthy. Sleep deprivation,which is common in our society,affects the body in a number of ways: it can affect the ability to think sharply. We all know that, if we don't sleep, we don't feel as well during the day.
The website also focuses on sleep disorders and their treatments. For more information, visit www. nihseniorhealth. gov. This is wally akinso, the national institutes of health, bethesda, maryland.
真的很有趣！是他发音不标准还是我发音有问题？
Poor sleep is not a necessary part of getting older. That is one of the things you will learn when you check out the new sleep and aging subject on the National Institute on aging’s website nihseniorhealth.gov. There you will find accurate helpful information designed to help older adults get a good night sleep. According to Dr. , chief of NIAs, neurobiology of aging branch, “There is the old concept that the older people don’t need as much sleep and that has been shown by research not to be the case. Older adults need as much sleep as younger adults. About eight hours or third of your day should be sleep in order for you to perform well and feel healthy. Sleep deprivation which is common in our society affects the body in a number of ways. It can affect the ability to think sharply. If we all know that we don’t sleep, we don’t feel as well during the day.” The website also focuses on sleep disorders and their treatments. For more information, visit www.nihseniorhealth.gov. This is the National Institute of health
For decades, doctors have used a variety of medicines to treat partial block the arteries in the brain. Without clear evidences that one therapy was better than another. Until now, a clinical trial founded by the National Institute of neurological disorders and stroke shows that simply aspirin is just as effective as the prescription blood thromb Warfarin. Dr John , associate director for clinical trials at the NIADS, says this is a good news for patients. “The use of Warfarin is complicated have a lot of blood testing in done ,It is hard for patients to keep the level of every under control to be safe. Now we know something that is simpler easier and cheaper actually works better. We don’t get news like it very often.” Not only is the cost pre dose of aspirin much lower than that of Warfarin,the prescription blood also carriers the potential of some serious side effect. Dr. said, “The major side effect is bleeding and bleeding in very inconvenient places like inside your brain where we can get to to stop the bleeding from causing major damage disability” According to the study, published in the March 31 edition of the NewEngland Journal of Medicine, using aspirin therapy instead of Warfarin will result more than 20 million dollars in savings in the United States. The study involved 569 patients at 59 medical centers located around the country. All of the patients had a greater than 50% blockage of major intro artery and had an experience to attack or non disable in stroke within the 90 days to in the study. The authors of the study caution the patients taking Warfarin for condition such as irregular heart rate or in the legs and lungs should not stop taking the drug. As studies are found Warfarin to be the best option for those conditions. From the National Institute of health. I’m Bill in the
The use of in common nation with the drug TPA can improve response to escaping stroks, according to a study involving 126 patients. Since 1996, the drug TPA which is a in drug has been the only FBA proof there before a escaping stroke. is a safe everyday proof diagnoist test that you just sound way to measure blood flow less over lasting in large arteries. Dr. a program officer for the National Institute of neurological disorders and strokes explains the design and the trial, “What this trial was designed to do was to see whether or not the TPA therapy could be improved and made more effective than just using the drug alone. So in order to do this trial, patients for assigned to receive the drug alone or a combination the drug in the United States measure to see whether or not the could be resolved more quickly and the blood could be restored to the brain in more rapidly. ” The 126 patients were divided into two groups,63 patients used the TAP and combination with continuous and the other 53 patients, the control group, used just the TAP alone. Dr. discussed the results of the trial. “So the trial showed that could be safely applied in combination with TPA. The results show that combining this therapy improved blood flow after after the stroke compared to just giving TPA alone”. 49 patients who were cease continuous with and ATP showed impoving alone or no blocks within two hours after therapy to began. Compare to who TAP alone, in all percent of the patients who receive the combine therapy showed complete or partial cure of the clocd.Compare to percent in the control group. This is the National Institute of Health
An experiment controlling stress rats may have some good news for humans. The study, sponsored by the National Institute of mental health and the National Institute on drug abuse, showed that by the brain all clear signal, scientists will be able to control anxiety, stress and fear in rats. This discovery could add indication in treating humans according to Dr. ,Professor at the University of Coronado and author of the study. “From this got to do with how the individual perceives the event that occurs. It turns out that what one of the most availables that modulates how individuals react to negative life events. It is the great to which they can exert behavior control over the events or believe they can exert control. For a long time, we and other labs are trying to understand the neuron basis of this difference that how is it that a controllable and uncontrollable event produces very different outcomes for behavior and physiology and for brain responses even though the events are physically identical in many cases.” Dr. ‘s team a activity portion of the rats brain in known as the media prefound test to see our reactive but they were stressed. The study showed that when that portion of the brain determines that source of stress is controllable, it gives off a signal that in the effect tells the brain that there is no need to get excited. Previous studies have shown that lack of control over stressful life experiences have been implicated in neuron disorders. This is the National Institute of Health
Poor sleep is not a necessary part of getting older that is one of the things you learned when you check out the new sleep and aging subject on the national institute on aging’s web site: nihseniorhealth .gov. There you'll find accurate, helpful information designed to help older adults get a good night sleep. According to Dr. Andrew Margin, chief of NIA's neurobiology of Aging Branch, “ There's the old concept that older people don't need as much sleep, and that has been shown
by research not to be the case. Older adults need as much sleep as younger adults. About 8 hours or a third of your day should be sleep in order for you to perform well and feel healthy. Sleep deprivation, which is common in our society, affects the body in a number of ways. It can affect the ability to think sharply. We all know that if we don’t sleep, we don’t feel as well during the day.”
The web site also focuses on sleep disorders and their treatments. For more information, visit www.nihseniorhealth.gov. This is wally canso ? the national institute of health. But there is the myrilan.
For decades, doctors have used a variety of medicines to treat partial blockage of arteries in the brain without clear evidence that one therapy was better than another until now. A critical trial found by the national institute of neurological disorders and stroke shows that simple aspirin is just as effective as the prescription blood ? Warfarin. Dr. John Mallor, associate director for clinical trials at the ninbs, says this is a good news for patients. “The use of Warfarin is so complicated it have a lot of blood testing in done it is hard for patients to keep the level a valuable evaluation under control to be safe, now we know something
先听到这一段吧，有时间再补。
T:
1.Poor sleep is not a nessary part of gaining older.That is one of the things you will learn when you checkout the new sleep and aging subject on the Nation Institute on
Aging's website:nihseniorhealth.gov.There you'll find accurate, helpful information designed to help older adults get a good night sleep.
睡眠质量下降并不一定是走向衰老的毕经之路.如果您去访问美国国家衰老研究中心的网站nihseniorhealth.gov, 您就会明白这个道理.您还可以在这个网站找到很多确切的有用信息,以帮助老年人在晚上睡个安稳觉.
According to Dr.Andrew Margin,chief of NIA's neurobiology of Aging Branch,"There is an old concept that older people don't need as much sleep,and that's been shown by research not to be the case.Older adult need as much sleep as younger adults.About 8 hours or one third of your day should be sleep in order for you to perform well and feel healthy.Sleep deprivation,which is common in our society, affects the body in a number of ways,it can affects the ability to think sharply,we all know that we don't sleep ,we don't feel as well during the day".
Andrew Margin博士是 美国国家衰老研究中心 衰老神经生物学研究所 的负责人.(在采访中) 他说,"长期以来,有种陈旧的观念,认为老年人不需要太多的睡眠,但这一点已经被研究工作证明是错误的. 老年人所需要的睡眠和年轻人一样多. 每天睡8小时,或者一天的3分之1用与睡眠,才能保证良好的状态和健康, 当今社会人们的睡眠普遍不足,这对健康有多方面的影响,让人们的思维能力变得(迟钝),不够敏捷.大家都明白这个道理,如果(你)晚上睡不好,白天的感觉就很糟糕.."
The website also focus on all sleep disorders and their treatment,for more information,visit www.niaseniorhealth.gov , this is Valen Catho, the Nation Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
该网站同时也关注睡眠相关的疾病以及其治疗,如果你想了解更多信息,请访问www.niaseniorhealth.gov 这个网站,我是Valen Catho,在the Nation Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland为您报道.
2.
For decades, doctors used variaties of medicines to treat partial blockage of arteries in the brain without clear evidence that one therapy was better than another.
几十年以来,(尽管)医务工作者采用了各种各样的方法来治疗大脑动脉血管的局部阻塞,(但)仍然不能明确其中哪种方法更为优越.
Untill now, a clinical trial, found by national institute of neurologic disorders and stroke,shows simply aspirin is just as effective as the prescibtion blood-thinner warfarin.
一直到最近,才有一项由 国家神经疾病和脑卒中研究中心 资助的临床研究表明, 简单地服用单方阿司匹林,具有和服用处方抗凝血药物华法林同样的效果.
Dr.John Maller,associate diector for clinical trial of the NINDS,says this is a good news for patients,"the use of warfarin is so complicated that you have a lot of blood testing done.it's hard for the patients to keep the level of anticoagulation under control to be safe,now we know someting that is simpler and easier and cheaper,actually works better,we don't get news like that very often".
NINDS临床研究的负责人是John Maller博士,他认为这对病人来说是个好消息.他说:"服用华法林非常麻烦.病人必须做很多血液检查,而且要把病人的抗凝血能力控制在安全的水平也非常困难.现在,我们明确了这种更为简单容易,更为便宜而且疗效更好的方法.这样的好消息(显然)并不常有"
Not only is the cost and per dose of aspirin much lower than that of warfarin,the presciption blood-thinner also carry the potential of some serious side effects.
华法林不仅在成本和每次服用剂量上要比阿司匹林高,而且这种处方抗凝血药具有很多潜在的严重副作用.
Dr.Maller said,"the major side effect is bleeding,and bleeding in very inconvinence places like inside your brain,where we can NOT get to stop the bleeding from causing major damage and disbility"
Maller博士说:"(华法林)最主要的副作用是出血,尤其是大脑内特定部位的出血,一旦发生后很难处理,因为没有办法阻止出血,患者常常会发生严重的中枢损伤,甚至会落下残疾"
According to the study,as published in the March 31 edition of the NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE,using aspirin therapy instead of warfarin,will result in more than 20 million dollars saving in the U.S.
这项研究工作发表在3月份的新英格兰医学杂志上,(作者发现),如果用阿司匹林代替华法林,在美国可以节省2千多万美圆.
The study involved 569 patients and 59 medical centers located around the country.
全国各地共有59所医学研究中心参与了这个研究项目,总计募集了569名患者开展研究.
All of the patients had a greater than 50% blockage of major intracranial artery and had an experience of transit ischemic attack or non disabling stoke within the 90 days prior to enroll in the study.
所有募集到的患者中,颅脑主动脉都有大与50%的阻塞,而且在参与研究之前的3个月内,都曾经有过短暂的大脑缺血损伤,或者曾经发生过非致残的大脑卒中.
The authors of the study caution the patients taking Warfarin for condition such as irregular heart rhythm or clots in the legs and lungs should not stop taking the drug. As studies have found Warfarin to be the best option for those conditions
这项研究工作的作者告诫患者,如果是因为防治心率不齐,或者是防治腿部和肺血栓而必须服用华法林,那千万不要停止服用该药.因为有研究表明,华法林对这些疾病仍然是最适合的一个药物,(而不是阿司匹林).
3.
The use of ultrasound in combination with the drug "TPA" can improve response to ischemic strokes,according to a study involving 126 patients.
一项涉及126位患者的研究表明,超声波和TPA这种药物联合应用,能够改善对缺血性脑卒中的治疗效果.
Since 1996, the drug "TPA",which is a clot-busting drug,has been the only FDA approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke.
TPA是一种溶解血凝块的药物,它是自从1996年以来,FDA唯一批准的一种用于治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的药物.
Ultrasound is a safe, non-invasive, FDA approved diagnostic test that uses sound waves to measure blood-flow velocity in large arteries
超声波是FDA认可的一种安全的非侵入性诊断实验项目,利用声波来测量大动脉血管中的血液流速.
Doctor scot janes--a program officer for the national institute of neurological disorders and stroke--explains the design of the trial
scot janes博士是国家神经疾病与脑卒中研究中心的一位项目负责人,他对这项临床研究作了如下解释.
:"what this trial was designed to do was to see whether or not the ' TPA ' therapy could be improved and made more effective than just using the drug alone.
这项临床实验的目的是研究TPA治疗方案是否可以被改进,从而产生比单独应用TPA更好的疗效.
so, in order to do this trial, patients were assigned to receive either drug alone or a combination of the two drugs-and the investigators measured to see whether or not the clot could be resolved more quickly, and then the blood could be restored to the brain more rapidly."
因此,研究人员对参与实验的患者采用了不同的治疗方法,一部分病人只服用TPA,其余患者则联合应用两种药物.研究者观测了是否血凝块能溶解的更快,从而更为迅速地恢复脑部的血流.
the 126 patients were divided into two groups: 63 patients used the " TPA " in combination with continuous trans-cranial doppler ultrasound; and the other 63 patients--the control group--used just the "TPA" alone.
参与实验的126为患者被分成两组,其中63位病人联合应用TPA和持续透颅多普勒超声波,而其余的63位做为对照组,只单独应用TPA疗法.
doctor janis discusses the results of the trial:"so, the trial showed that ultrasound could be safely applied in combination with “TPA”.
JANIS 博士讨论实验的结果,他说:" 实验表明,超声波可以很安全地和药物TPA联合应用.
the results showed that combining these therapies improved the blood flow after the ischemic event--or after the stroke--compared to just giving ' TPA ' alone."
结果显示,相对单独应用TPA而言,联合疗法明显改善了缺血事件后,或者卒中后的血流情况"
49-percent of patients who received continuous ultrasound and "TPA" showed improvement and little or no blockage within two hours after therapy began--compared to 30-percent who received "TPA" alone. in all, 73-percent of the patients who received the combined therapy showed complete or partial clearance of the clot--compared to 50-percent in the control group.
在接受TPA和持续超声波联合治疗方案的患者中,49%的病人(血流情况)有所改善,并且在治疗开始后的2小时内,几乎没有患者发生血流阻塞,相比之下,单独应用TPA的患者中,这个比例只有30%. 采用联合治疗方案的患者中,有73%的病人完全或者部分清除血液凝块,而对照组,即单独应用TPA的患者中,只有5%的病人有同样效果,
4.
AN EXPERIMENT IN CONTROLLING STRESS IN RATS MAY HOLD SOME GOOD NEWS FOR HUMANS. THE STUDY--SPONSORED BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH, AND THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE--SHOWED THAT, BY MIMICKING THE BRAIN'S "ALL CLEAR" SIGNAL, SCIENTISTS WERE ABLE TO CONTROL ANXIETY, STRESS, AND FEAR IN RATS. THIS DISCOVERY COULD HAVE IMPLICATIONS IN TREATING HUMANS, ACCORDING TO DOCTOR STEVEN MAIER--PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, AND AUTHOR OF THE STUDY...
一项控制大鼠应激状态的实验有望为人类带来好消息. 由 国家心理健康研究中心和 国家药物滥用研究中心 (联合) 开展的研究表明, 通过模拟大脑的"全无"信号,科学家能够控制大鼠的焦虑,应激和恐惧. COLORADO大学的STEVEN MAIER博士是(这篇研究论文的)作者, 他认为,这个发现对治疗人类(的类似疾病状态)可能会有益处.
(MAIER):
"SOME OF IT'S GOT TO DO WITH HOW THE INDIVIDUAL PERCEIVES THE EVENT THAT OCCURS. IT TURNS OUT THAT ONE OF THE MOST-POTENT VARIABLES THAT MODULATES HOW INDIVIDUALS REACT TO NEGATIVE LIFE EVENTS IS THE DEGREE TO WHICH THEY CAN EXERT BEHAVIORAL CONTROL OVER THE EVENT--OR BELIEVE THEY CAN EXERT CONTROL. FOR A LONG TIME, WE AND OTHER LABS HAVE BEEN TRYING TO UNDERSTAND THE NEURAL BASIS OF THIS DIFFERENCE--THAT IS, HOW IS IT THAT A CONTROLLABLE AND AN UNCONTROLLABLE AVERSIVE EVENT PRODUCES VERY DIFFERENT OUTCOMES FOR BEHAVIOR AND FOR PHYSIOLOGY--AND FOR BRAIN RESPONSES--EVEN THOUGH THE EVENTS ARE PHYSICALLY IDENTICAL IN THE TWO CASES?"
有时候,这与个人对于特定事件的看法和态度有关系. 结果表明,人们对于生活中不幸事件的反应,取决于一个 最主要的可变因素,那就是,人们能够在何种程度上控制自己对于突发事件的行为,或者在何种程度上相信自己可以控制的.
长期以来,我们和其他实验室都在努力阐明这种差异的神经学基础.也就是说,为甚磨可控的和非可控的负面事件,即使是事件本身完全相同,却可以产生截然不同的生理反应和行为反应,以及大脑反应.
(THORNTON CLOSE):
DOCTOR MAIER'S TEAM INACTIVATED A PORTION OF THE RATS' BRAIN KNOWN AS THE "MEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX", TO SEE HOW IT REACTED WHEN THEY WERE STRESSED. THE STUDY SHOWED THAT--WHEN THAT PORTION OF THE BRAIN DETERMINES THAT A SOURCE OF STRESS IS CONTROLLABLE--IT GIVES OFF A SIGNAL THAT, IN EFFECT, TELLS THE BRAIN THERE'S NO NEED TO GET EXCITED. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE SHOWN THAT A LACK OF CONTROL OVER STRESSFUL LIFE EXPERIENCES HAS BEEN IMPLICATED IN MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS.
MAIER博士研究小组使大鼠大脑的一部分,即(医学上称为)前额叶皮质的部分,失去反应能力,来观察在应激情况下它的反应性.研究表明,如果大脑的这一区域认为机体所接受的应激是可控的,那磨它就产生一个信号,提示大脑不必产生兴奋. 以前也有研究表明,在情绪性和焦虑性疾病中,患者大脑对于应激性经历的控制能力有些是缺失的.
NOTICE：連读、语速、专有名词
Poor sleep is not a necessary part of getting older. That is one of the things you will learn when you check out the new sleep and aging subject on the National Institute on edging’s website: nihseniorhealth.gov. There you will find accurate ,helpful information designed to help older adults get a good night sleep. According to Dr. Andrew Margin, chief of NIAs, neurobiology of aging branch, “There is the old concept that the older people don’t need as much sleep and that has been shown by research not to be the case. Older adults need as much sleep as younger adults. About eight hours or one third of the day should be sleep in order for you to perform well and feel healthy. Sleep deprivation, which is common in our society ,affects the body in a number of ways. It can affect the ability to think sharply. If we all know that we don’t sleep, we don’t feel as well during the day.” The website also focuses on sleep disorders and their treatments. For more information, visit www.nihseniorhealth.gov. This is the Valence? Cato??, the national institute of health, but does the measurement.
For decades, doctors have used a variety of medicines to treat partial blockage of arteries in the brain. Without clear evidences that one therapy was better than another. Until now, a clinical trial founded by the National Institute of neurological disorders and stroke shows that simple aspirin is just as effective as the prescription blood thrombi Warfarin. Dr John Mara, associate director for clinical trials at the NIADS, says this is a good news for patients. “The use of Warfarin is complicated that you have a lot of blood testing done ,It is hard for the patients to keep the level of every under control to be safe. Now we know something that is simpler and easier and cheaper ,actually works better. We don’t get news like that very often.” Not only is the cost pre dose of aspirin much lower than that of Warfarin,the prescription blood also carriers the potential of some serious side effects. Dr.Mara said, “The major side effect is bleeding and bleeding in very inconvenient places like inside your brain where we can get to stop the bleeding from causing major damage disability” According to the study, published in the March 31 edition of the New England Journal of Medicine, using aspirin therapy instead of Warfarin will result more than 20 million dollars saving in the United States. The study involved 569 patients at 59 medical centers located around the country. All of the patients had a greater than 50% blockage of major intracranial artery and had an experience of transit ischemic attack or non disabling stoke within the 90 days prior to enroll in the study. The authors of the study caution the patients taking Warfarin for condition such as irregular heart rhythm or clots in the legs and lungs should not stop taking the drug. As studies have found Warfarin to be the best option for those conditions. From the National Institute of health. I’m Bill Sin the ..the Millard.
The use of ultrasound in combination with the drug "TPA" can improve response to inch? strokes, according to a study involving 126 patients. since 1996, the drug TPA which is a clot-busting drug has been the only FBA proof there before a escaping stroke. Ultrasound is a safe, non-invasive, FDA approved diagnostic test that uses sound way to measure blood flow less over lasting in large arteries. Dr. a program officer for the National Institute of neurological disorders and strokes explains the design and the trial, “What this trial was designed to do was to see whether or not the TPA therapy could be improved and made more effective than just using the drug alone. So in order to do this trial, patients for assigned to receive the drug alone or a combination the true drug in the United States measure to see whether or not the clot could be resolved more quickly, and then the blood could be restored to the brain more rapidly." the 126 patients were divided into two groups: 63 patients used the " TPA " in combination with continuous trans-cranial Doppler ultrasound; and the other 63 patients--the control group--used just the "TPA" alone. doctor Janis discusses the results of the trial:” so, the trial showed that ultrasound could be safely applied in combination with “TPA”. the results showed that combining these therapies improved the blood flow after the ischemic event--or after the stroke--compared to just giving TPA alone." 49 percent of patients who received continuous ultrasound and "TPA" showed improvement and little or no blockage within two hours after therapy began, compared to 30-percent who received TPA alone. In all, 73-percent of the patients who received the combined therapy showed complete or partial clearance of the clot, compared to 50-percent in the control group. this is wale Kinston, the national institutes of health,....
An experiment controlling stress rats may have some good news for humans. The study, sponsored by the National Institute of mental health and the National Institute on drug abuse, showed that by ...king the brain's all clear signal, scientists were able to control anxiety, stress and fear in rats. This discovery could add indication in treating humans according to Dr.steven Mayer ,Professor at the University of Colorado and author of the study. “From this got to do with how the individual perceives the event that occurs. It turns out that what one of the most available that modulates how individuals react to negative life events is the degree to which they can exert behavioral control over the event or believe they can exert control. For a long time, we and other labs have been trying to understand the neural basis of this difference, that is, how is it that a controllable and an uncontrollable aversive event produces very different outcomes for behavior and physiology ,and for brain responses even though the events are physically identical in the two cases?" Doctor Mayer’s team inactivated a portion of the rats' brain known as the "medial prefrontal cortex", to see how it reacted when they were stressed. The study showed that when that portion of the brain determines that source of stress is controllable, it gives off a signal that in the effect tells the brain there is no need to get excited. Previous studies have shown that lack of control over stressful life experiences has been implicated in mood and anxiety disorders. This is ...., the national institutes of health,....?
先听写了三段。
Poor sleep is not a necessary part of getting older that is one of the things you will learn when you check out the new sleep and aging subject on the National Institutes on Aging’s website NIA Senior Health. Gov. There, you’ll find accurate, helpful information designed to help older adults get a good night sleep. According to Dr. Andrew **, chief of NIA’s Neurobiology of Aging branch, “There is the old concept that older people don’t need as much sleep and that has been shown by research not to be the case. Older adults need as much sleep as younger adults. About 8 hours or a third of your day should be sleep in order for you to perform well and feel healthy. Sleep deprivation, which is common in our society, affects the body in a number of ways. It can affect the ability to think sharply. We all know that if we don’t sleep, we don’t feel as well during the day. The website also focuses on sleep disorders and their treatments. For more information, visit www.niaseniorhealth.gov. This is ****, the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
For decades doctors have used to variety of medicine to treat partial blockage of arteries in the brain without clear evidence that one therapy was better than another, until now. A clinical trial founded by the National Institutes of Neurological Disorders and Stroke shows that simple aspirin is just as effective as the prescription blood thinner Warfarin. Dr. ***Associate Director for Clinical Trials at NINDS says this is good news for patients. “The use of warfarin is very complicated. You have a lot of blood testing to be done. It’s hard for patients to keep the level of anticoagulation under control, to be safe. Now we know that something is simpler, and easier, and cheaper, actually works better. We don’t get news like that very often.” Not only is the cost per dose of aspirin much lower than that of warfarin, the prescription blood thinner also carries the potential of some serious side effects. Dr. ***said. “The major side effect is bleeding. And bleeding in very inconvenient places like inside your brain where we can’t get to it to stop the bleeding from causing Major damage and disability.” According to the study published in the March 31 edition of New England Journal of Medicine using aspirin therapy instead of warfarin will result in more than 20 million dollars savings in the United States. The study involved 569 patients at 59 medical centers located around the country. All of the patients had a greater than 50 percent blockage of major intracranial artery and had experience to transient ischemic attack, or a non-disabling stroke within the 90 days prior to enrolling in the study. The authors of the study caution patients taking warfarin for conduction such as irregular heart rhythm or clots in the legs or lungs should not stop taking the drug, as studies found warfarin is the best option for those conditions. From the National Institutes of Health, I’m Bill **, in Bethesda, Maryland.
The use of ultrasound in combination with the drug TPA can improve response to ischemic strokes according to a study involved 126 patients. Since 1996, the drug TPA, which is a clot busting drug, has been the only FDA approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Ultrasound is a safe non-invasive FDA approved diagnostic test that uses sound waves to measure blood flew in major arteries. Dr. ** a program officer of National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke explains the design of the trial. “What this trial was designed to do was to see whether or not the TPA therapy could be improved and make more effective than to use the drug alone. So in order to do this trial, patients were assigned to receive either drug alone or a combination of the two drugs and the investigators measure to see whether or not the clot could be resolved more quickly and the blood could be restored to the brain more rapidly.” The 126 patients were divided into two groups. 63 patients used TPA in combination with continuous transcranial Doppler ultrasound. And the other 63 patients, the control group, used just the TPA alone. Dr. ** discusses the results of the trial. “So the trial showed that ultrasound could be safely applied in combination with TPA. The result showed that combining these therapies improved blood flew after ischemic ***after the strokes compare to just using TPA alone. 49% of patients who received continuous ultrasound and TPA shown improvement and little or no blockage within 2 hours after the therapy begin. Compare to 30 percent who receive TPA alone, in all 73 percent of the patients who received combined therapy showed complete or partial clearance of clot compare to 50 percent in the control group. This is ** the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
Poor sleep is not a necessary part of getting older.That is one of the things you’ll learn when you check out the new sleep and aging subject on the national institute of aging’s website NIHseniorhealth.gov.There you’ll find accurate helpful information designed to help older adults get a good night’s sleep.According to Dr xxxx ,chief of the NIH’s neurobiology of aging branch,”There’s the old concept that older people don’t need as much sleep,and that’s been shown by research not be the case.Older adults need as much sleep as younger adults:about 8 hours,or 1/3 of your day should be sleep, in order for you to perform well and filled healthy.Sleep deprivation,which’s just common in our society,affects the body in a number of ways.It can affect the ability to think sharply.We all know that if we don’t sleep we don’t feel as well during the day.”The web site also focus on sleep disorders and their treatments.For more information,visit www.nihseniorhealth.gov. This is xxxx,the national institutes of health,xxxx.
For decades doctors have used a variety of medicines to treat partial blockage of arteries in the brain without clear evidence that one therapy was better than another,until now.A clinical trial funded by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke shows that simple aspirin is just as effective as the prescription blood thinner warfarin.Dr xxxx,associated director for clinical trials at the NINDS says this is good news for patients:”The use of warfarin is very complicated,you have a lot of blood testing done,it’s hard for patients to keep the level of anticoagulation under control to be safe.Now we know something that is simpler and easier and cheaper accurally works better,we don’t get news like that very often.”Not only is the cost of per dose of aspirin much lower than that of warfarin, the prescription blood thinner also carries the potential of some serious side effects,Dr xxx said.”The major side effect is bleeding,bleeding in very inconvenient places like inside your brain where we can’t get to it to stop this bleeding from causing major damage and disability.According to this study published in the March 31st edition of the New England Journal of Medicine,using aspirin therapy instead of warfarin will result in more than 20 million dollars in savings in the United States.The study involves 569 patients and 59 medical centers located around the country.All of the patients had a greater than 50% blockage of major intracranial artery and had experienced the transient ischemic attack or a non-disabling stroke within the 90 days prior to enrolling in the study.The authors of the study caution the patients taking warfarin for conditions such as irregular heart rhythm or clots in the legs or lungs should not stop taking the drug,as studys have found warfarin to be the best option for those conditions.From the National Institute of Health,I’m xxx,xxx in xxx xxx.
今天先听一半，明天接着听。
很不好意思，昨天开始听写，直到今天，才听写完2段，断断续续地不停聊天，加上看贴，加上水平有限，听完2段，已经这么晚了。下次听写决不聊天灌水。
先贴了，很佩服baiyu1998,有些地方我参考了，谢谢
1.
poor sleep is not a necessary part of getting older ,that is one of the things you learn when you check out the new sleep on aging subject on a national institution on aging's website niaseniorhealth.gov
there your will find accurate helpful information designed to help older adult to get a good night sleep.
according to Dr.Andrew Magin,chef of nias, neurobiology of aging branch."there is the old concept that older people don't need as much sleep.and that has been shown by research not to be the case,older adults need as much sleep as younger adults,about 8 hours or third of your day, should be sleep in order for you to perform well and feel healthy .sleep deprivation which is common in our society effects the body in a number of ways. it can effect the ability to think sharply ,we all know that if we don't sleep ,we don't feel as well to entertain"
the website also focuses on sleep disorders and its treatment.
for more information ,visit the www.niaseniorhealth,gov
this is Valle Catho ,the national institute of health.
2.
for decades ,Drs have used varities of medicines to treat partial blockage of arteries in the brain without clear evidence that one therapy was better than an other .until now a clinical trial funded by the national institute of neurological disorders and stroke shows that simple aspirin is just as effective as the prescription blood thiner wafferin.
Dr. Hohn Marrow ,associate director of clinical trail of the nids ,says this is good news for patients. "that the use of wafferins was complicated that have a lot of blood testing to be done,it is hard for patients to keep the level of anticoagulation under control ,to be safe.now we know something that is simpler and easier and cheaper,actually works better .we don't get news like that very often ".
not only is the cost per dose of aspirin much lower than that of wafferin, the prescription blood thiner also carries the potential of some serious side effects. Dr Marrow said :the major side effect is bleeding. and bleeding in very incovenient places like inside your brain where we can't get to stop the bleeding from causing major damage and disability.
according to the study ,published in the March 31th edition of the New England Journal of Medicine ,using aspirin therapy in stead of wafferin will result in more than 20,000,000 dollars in savings in the United States . the study involved 569 patients at 59 medical centers located around the country,all of the patients had a greater than 50% blockage of a major intercranial artery and had experience to transit ischemic attack or a nondisabling stroke within 90 days prior to enroll in the study.
the others of the study caution the patients taking wafferin for condition such as a irregular heart ryhthm or clots in the legs and lungs should not stop taking the drug as study had found wafferin to be the best option for those conditions.
from the national institute of health , I'm......
3.
the use of the ultrasound in combination with the drug TPA can improve reponse to ischemic strocks according to a study involved 160 patients .since 1996, the drug TPA which is a clot-busting drug has been the only FDA approved therapy for acute eschemic stroke. ultrasound is a safe noninvasive FDA approve diagnosic test .they are using a sound wave to measure blood flow velocity in large arteries. Dr.Scot Janes ,the program officer of the national institute of neurological disorders and stroke ,explained the design of the trial .
"what this trial was designed to do was to see whether or not TPA therapy could be improved and may more effective than juest use the drug alone . so in order to do this trial , patients who are assigned to receive only the drug alone or combination of two drug . and the investigators measure to see whether or not the clot could be resolved more quickly and the blood could be restored to the brain more rapidly ."
the 126 patients were divided into 2 groups , 63 patients used the TPA in combination with continuous transcranial doppler ultrasound,and the other 63 patients the control group used just the TPA alone. Dr.Janes discusses the result of the trial. " so the trial shows that the ultrasound can be safely applied in combination with TPA . the results show that combining this therapy improved blood flow after the the eschemic event or after the stroke compared to just give TPA alone."
49% of the patients who received continuous ultrasound and TPA showed improvement a low or no blockage within 2 hours after the therapy began ,compare to 30% of who received TPA alone. in all ,73% of the patient who received the combined therapy showed complete or partial clearance after the clot compare to the 50% in the control group .this is .....
4
an experiment in controlling stress in rats may hold some good news for humans,the study sponsored by the national institute of mental health and the national institute on drug abuse shows that by mimcking the brains all clear signal scientist should able to control anxiety ,stress and fear in rats. this discovery could have implications in treating humans according to Dr.steven mayer --professor at the university of colorado and author of this study.
"some of this's got to do with how the individual perceives the event that occurs.it turns out that one of the most potent variables that modulates how individuals react to negetive life events is the degree to what they can exert behavioral control over the events or believe they can exert control. for a long time ,we and other labs have been trying to understand the neuro basis of this difference .that is how is it that a controllable or an uncontrollable aversive event produces very different outcomes for behavior and for physiology and for brain responses ,even though the events are physically identical in the two cases ."
Dr.mayer's team inactivated a portion of rat's brain known as the middle prefontal cortex to see how it reacts to be when they were streesed. the study showed that that portion of brain determined that source of stresses are controllable ,they give off all the signals in effect tells the brain that there is no need to get excited.previous studies have showed that a lack of control over stressful life experiences has been implicated
in mood and anxiety disorders.this is ..., the national institute of health,...
继续交作业，后两段。
The use of ultrasound in combination the drug TPA can improve response to ischemic strokes according to a study involving 126 patients.Since 1996,the drug TPA which is a clot blasting drug has been the only FDA approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke.Ultrasound is a safe,non-invasive FDA approved diagnostic tests that uses the sound waves to measure blood flow velocity in large arteries.Dr xxx ,a program officer for the national institute of neurological disorders and stroke,explains the design of the trial:”What this trial was designed to do was to see whether or not the TPA therapy could be improved and made more effective than just using the drug alone.So in order to do this trial,patients were assigned to receive either the drug alone or a combination of the two drugs and the investigators measured to see whether or not the clot could be resolved more quickly,and then the blood could be restored to the brain more rapidly.”The 126 patients were divided into two groups,63 patients used the TPA in combination with continuous transcranial double ultrasound,and the other 63 patients,the control group,used just the TPA alone.Dr xxx discusses the results of the trial:”So the trials showed that ultrasound could be safely applied in combination with TPA.The results showed that combining these therapies improved the blood flow after the ischemic event,or after the stroke,compared to just giving TPA alone.”49% of the patients who received continuous ultrasound and TPA showed improvement and little or no blockage within 2 hours after therapy began compared to 30% who received TPA alone.In all,70% of the patients who received the combined therapy showed complete or partial clearance of the clot,compared to 50% in the control group.This is xxx,the National Institute of Health,xxx.
An experiment in controlling stress in rats may hold some good news for humans.The study supported by the national institute of mental health and the national institute of drug abuse showed that by mimicking the brain’s all clear signal,scientists were able to control anxiety, stress and fear in rats.This discovery could have implications in treating humans according to doctor xxxx,professor at the university of Colorado and author of this study.”Some of it got to do with how the individual perceives the event that occurs.It turns out that one of the most potent variables that modulates how individuals react to negative life events is the degree to which they can exert behavior control of the event or believe that they could exert control.For a long time we and other labs have been trying to understand the neurobasis of the difference,that is,how is it that a controllable and an uncontrolable aversive event produces very different outcomes for behavior and for physiology and for brain responses even through the events are physically identical in the two cases.”Dr xxx’s team inactivated a portion of the rat’s brain,known as the medial prefrontal cortex to see how it reacted when we were stressed.The study showed that when that portion of brain determines that a source of stress is controllable,it gives off a signal that,in effect,tells the brain there’s no need to get excited.Previous studies have shown a lack of control of the stressful life experiences has been implicated in mood and anxiety disorders.This is xxx,the National Institute of Health,xxx.
总算听完了，头痛中……
poor sleep is not a necessary part of getting older, that is one of the things you learn when you check out the new sleep and aging subject on the national institute on aging's website nihseniorhealth.gov.there you'll find accurate helpful information designed to help older adults get a good night sleep. according to doctor A??? M???,chief of nih neurology and aging branch, "there is the old concept that old people don't need as much as sleep, and that has been shown by research not to be the case. older needs as much as sleep as younger adults. about 8 hours or one third of a day shall be sleep for you to perform well and feel healthy, sleep deprivation, which is common in our society, affects the body in a number of ways, it can affect the ability to think sharply we all know that [00:50.5-00:59.1] that we don't sleep ,we don't feel well during the day".[01:00.3]the website also focuses on the sleep disorders and their treatments. for more information, visit the www.niaseniorhealth.gov.
for decades, doctors of use variety of medicines to treat partial block of arteries in the brain without clear evidence that whether one therapy was better than another, until now a clinical trial funded by national institute of neurological disorders and stroke shows that simple aspirin is just effective as the prescription blood thinner warfarin.dr john m???,associate professor of clinical trials of the nihnbs says this is a good news for patients,” the use of warfarin is so complicated that you have a lot of blood testing done. it is hard for patients to keep the level of anticoagulation under control to be safe, now we know something is simpler and easier and cheaper actually it works better. we cannot get news like it very often. not only the cost and dose of aspirin is much lower than that of warfarin, but the prescription blood thinner also carriers the potential of some serious side effects, dr malor said." the major side effect is bleeding ,and bleeding in very inconvenient places like inside your brain where we can get to ??? bleeding from causing major damage or disability. according to the study published to the March 31 edition of new English journal of medicine, using aspirin therapy instead of warfarin will result in more than 20,000,000 dollars in savings in the United States. the study involved 569 patients at 59 medical centers located around the country. all of the patients had great 50% blockage of major intracranial artery and had an experience of the transient ischemic attack or non disabled stroke within the 90 days??? to enroll the study. the operator of the study caution the people take warfarin for condition such as irregular heart rhythm or clots in the legs or lungs should not to stop taking the drug as study have found warfarin to be the best option for those conditions.
先来这两段吧。后面慢慢再写。
好不容易听完了，先交作业，容后再仔细听：
poor sleep is not necessary point of getting oldder. That is one of things you learn when you check out the news sleep and ageing subject on the National Institute of Aging's website and a single of Dr. Golf. There you find agry helpful information designed on how oldder's get a good night sleep. According to Dr Margin, chief of the NIA neurology the ageing branch: They is say all concept that oldder people don't need much sleep, and that has been shown by researcher not the case. oldder adult need much sleeps than youngger adults ,about a adults's a third of your day should be sleep or for you too perform well and feel healthy, sleep deprovation which is common and soiety affects the body a number of ways a come to ability to think shpply. we all know that if we don't sleep we don't feel well during the day. The website also forcus on sleep disorders and the treatments. For more information visit www. niaseeyourhelf.golf.
This is WC the national institute of health in Maryland. For a decade doctors defuse the variety of medicine to treat p in the brain without clear evidence that one therapy was better than another. unitil now, a clicical trial found by the national institute of neurological disorders and stroke shows that a simple asprin is just affective as the prescription blood thn word.... Dr John Marlla, associate director of the clinical trial has the ninds says this is a good news for patients:" the use of was of c has lood compilicate had patiens to keep the leval of a under control to be safe, now we know something is simpler and easier and cheapper actually works better. We don't get news like very often...." not only the concept of does of Asperlin much lower than that of wf that prescription blood thiner also carries but can theories asite affects . Dr Mall said: The major site of active bleeding and bleeding in very incontinue place of insite of brain will get to distop the bleeding from causing major damage disbility. According to the study published by Dr M on first edition of the New England Journal of Medicine using Asperin therapy in stead of W will result in more than twenty million dollars savings in the Unite States. The study involve 569 patients and 59 medical centers located around the country. all of the patients had greatter than 50 percent blockage of the major intriclinanl artary and had experience to trans- isn or ano disableing stroke within 19 days prorier to rolling in a study. The author of the study contions and patients taking for warf for conditions such as regular hard reason or calss in the legs of lung shold not stop taking the drug. as study that found w is the best option for those conditions. From the Nation Institute of health. I am Bill , from Maryland.
The use of drug TPA can prove response to escame strokes acorrding to a study involve in of 26 patients. since 1996 the drug TPA which is the classic busting drug has been the only FDA approved therapy before a cute escame stroke . Dr.Scan says the program of the national institute of nerulogical disorders and stroke explain the design of the trial: with this trial designed is to do to see whether or not the TPA therapy could be improved and made more affective than the used drug alone. so in order to do this trial patients were assigned to receive the drug alone or combination the true wrong in the US to see whether or not the cla could be resolved more quickly and the blood could be restored to the brain more rapidly. The divided into two groups, 16 of the patients use the TPA in combination with continue with the trans of double of and the the other of patients use TPA alone. Dr Janny discuss the results of the trial: so the trial show that could be safly amplied in combination with TPA, the results show that combine the therapys improves blood flow after this schame of after the stroke compare to TPA alone. 49 percent of patients who seats continue with all sound of two hours after therapy begin. compare . This is Wally Kanzer,the NIH
An experiment has control stress rats may helps good news for humans. the study reponsed by the national institute on mental health and the national institute on drug abuse should by the brains all clearing signal scientist could ever to control an anxiety stress and feel in rats. the discovery could ever indications and treating humans according to the Dr professor of university Corlorado and author of the study. for a long time we and other lab have try to understand the neuro basis of the difference that is highweight that controllable and noncontrollbale of that produces very different alcome for behavour for physiology and for brain response even through the advancer physically the cases. Dr Mayor's team now activated portion of rats brains no less the media prefound of cortex . the study shows that when that portion of brains determine that source of stress controllable give off the signal that interfect tell the brains a early to get excited. Previous study have shown that a lack of control of overstrssful life experience has been inplicated in mood and anxiety disorders. This xxxx,the nih,xxx
1.
睡眠质量下降并不一定是走向衰老的毕经之路.如果您去访问美国国家衰老研究中心的网站nihseniorhealth.gov, 您就会明白这个道理.您还可以在这个网站找到很多确切的有用信息,以帮助老年人在晚上睡个安稳觉.
Andrew Margin博士是 美国国家衰老研究中心 衰老神经生物学研究所 的负责人.(在采访中) 他说,"长期以来,有种陈旧的观念,认为老年人不需要太多的睡眠,但这一点已经被研究工作证明是错误的. 老年人所需要的睡眠和年轻人一样多. 每天睡8小时,或者一天的3分之1用与睡眠,才能保证良好的状态和健康, 当今社会人们的睡眠普遍不足,这对健康有多方面的影响,让人们的思维能力变得(迟钝),不够敏捷.大家都明白这个道理,如果(你)晚上睡不好,白天的感觉就很糟糕.."
该网站同时也关注睡眠相关的疾病以及其治疗,如果你想了解更多信息,请访问www.niaseniorhealth.gov 这个网站,我是Valen Catho,在the Nation Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland为您报道.
2.
几十年以来,(尽管)医务工作者采用了各种各样的方法来治疗大脑动脉血管的局部阻塞,(但)仍然不能明确其中哪种方法更为优越.
一直到最近,才有一项由 国家神经疾病和脑卒中研究中心 资助的临床研究表明, 简单地服用单方阿司匹林,具有和服用处方抗凝血药物华法林同样的效果.
NINDS临床研究的负责人是John Maller博士,他认为这对病人来说是个好消息.他说:"服用华法林非常麻烦.病人必须做很多血液检查,而且要把病人的抗凝血能力控制在安全的水平也非常困难.现在,我们明确了这种更为简单容易,更为便宜而且疗效更好的方法.这样的好消息(显然)并不常有"
华法林不仅在成本和每次服用剂量上要比阿司匹林高,而且这种处方抗凝血药具有很多潜在的严重副作用.
Maller博士说:"(华法林)最主要的副作用是出血,尤其是大脑内特定部位的出血,一旦发生后很难处理,因为没有办法阻止出血,患者常常会发生严重的中枢损伤,甚至会落下残疾"
这项研究工作发表在3月份的新英格兰医学杂志上,(作者发现),如果用阿司匹林代替华法林,在美国可以节省2千多万美圆.
全国各地共有59所医学研究中心参与了这个研究项目,总计募集了569名患者开展研究.
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所有参与研究的患者中,颅脑主动脉都有大与50%的阻塞,而且在参与研究之前的3个月内,都曾经有过短暂的大脑缺血损伤,或者曾经发生过非致残的大脑卒中.
这项研究工作的作者告诫患者,如果是因为防治心率不齐,或者是防治腿部和肺血栓而必须服用华法林,那千万不要停止服用该药.因为有研究表明,华法林对这些疾病仍然是最适合的一个药物,(而不是阿司匹林).
3.
一项涉及126位患者的研究表明,超声波和TPA这种药物联合应用,能够改善对缺血性脑卒中的治疗效果.
TPA是一种溶解血凝块的药物,它是自从1996年以来,FDA唯一批准的一种用于治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的药物.
超声波是FDA认可的一种安全的非侵入性诊断实验项目,利用声波来测量大动脉血管中的血液流速.
scot janes博士是国家神经疾病与脑卒中研究中心的一位项目负责人,他对这项临床研究作了如下解释.
"这项临床实验的目的是研究TPA治疗方案是否可以被改进,从而产生比单独应用TPA更好的疗效.
因此,研究人员对参与实验的患者采用了不同的治疗方法,一部分病人只服用TPA,其余患者则联合应用两种药物.研究者观测了是否血凝块能溶解的更快,从而更为迅速地恢复脑部的血流."
参与实验的126为患者被分成两组,其中63位病人联合应用TPA和持续透颅多普勒超声波,而其余的63位做为对照组,只单独应用TPA疗法.
JANIS 博士讨论实验的结果,他说:" 实验表明,超声波可以很安全地和药物TPA联合应用.
结果显示,相对单独应用TPA而言,联合疗法明显改善了缺血事件后,或者卒中后的血流情况"
在接受TPA和持续超声波联合治疗方案的患者中,49%的病人(血流情况)有所改善,并且在治疗开始后的2小时内,几乎没有患者发生血流阻塞,相比之下,单独应用TPA的患者中,这个比例只有30%. 采用联合治疗方案的患者中,有73%的病人完全或者部分清除血液凝块,而对照组,即单独应用TPA的患者中,只有5%的病人有同样效果,
4.
一项控制大鼠应激状态的实验有望为人类带来好消息. 由 国家心理健康研究中心和 国家药物滥用研究中心 (联合) 开展的研究表明, 通过模拟大脑的"全无"信号,科学家能够控制大鼠的焦虑,应激和恐惧. COLORADO大学的STEVEN MAIER博士是(这篇研究论文的)作者, 他认为,这个发现对治疗人类(的类似疾病状态)可能会有益处.
有时候,这与个人对于特定事件的看法和态度有关系. 结果表明,人们对于生活中不幸事件的反应,取决于一个 最主要的可变因素,那就是,人们能够在何种程度上控制自己对于突发事件的行为,或者在何种程度上相信自己可以控制的.
长期以来,我们和其他实验室都在努力阐明这种差异的神经学基础.也就是说,为甚磨可控的和非可控的负面事件,即使是事件本身完全相同,却可以产生截然不同的生理反应和行为反应,以及大脑反应.
MAIER博士研究小组使大鼠大脑的一部分,即(医学上称为)前额叶皮质的部分,失去反应能力,来观察在应激情况下它的反应性.研究表明,如果大脑的这一区域认为机体所接受的应激是可控的,那磨它就产生一个信号,提示大脑不必产生兴奋. 以前也有研究表明,在情绪性和焦虑性疾病中,患者大脑对于应激性经历的控制能力有些是缺失的.
