2.本星期三（5.23）晚上11点前交稿
3.格式见置顶的文摘编译格式：
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4.稿酬按医师报标准
5.为保证翻译质量起见，在本版得分超过15分以上的战友方可认领
6.每位战友最多认领2篇,编译群战友可根据自己的专业和精力，最多认领3篇
7.作者统一署名为"丁香"
8.质量第一，切切
9.文中出现的杂志名称用原文，无需翻译
Study of Unexplained Respiratory Infections Leads Researchers to New Virus
Newswise — An ongoing effort to identify the microorganisms that make us sick has discovered a new virus potentially linked to unexplained respiratory infections.
Clinicians can typically use a patient's symptoms to determine that a virus is the likely culprit in a respiratory infection. However, even with advanced testing they still can't pin the blame on a particular virus in roughly one-third of all such infections.
Scientists can't yet prove that the new virus, known as the WU virus, is making patients sick. But senior author David Wang, Ph.D., of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, is suspicious enough that he's started follow-up studies.
"We've completed the first step required to link the WU virus to disease," explains Wang, who is an assistant professor of molecular microbiology. "First, you have to detect the potential pathogen in someone who's sick. Then you have to develop a way to grow the new microorganism in the laboratory. Finally, you have to show that you can make an animal model sick by exposing it to the microorganism."
These steps, known to microbiologists as Koch's postulates, were established in the 19th century. Wang says they represent the scientific "gold standard" for linking a microorganism to disease, but as technology has made it possible for scientists to identify viruses before culturing them, the postulates haven't always been followed. For example, scientists have long accepted the hepatitis C virus as a cause of disease, but they only successfully grew it in the lab in the past year.
The research appeared in Public Library of Science Pathogens on May 4. It was supported in part by a grant from the Midwest Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Disease Research, a multi-institutional research center anchored at Washington University.
For the study, collaborators at The Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, provided samples from patients with respiratory infections. Despite an exhaustive battery of tests, Australian researchers had not been able to link the infections to any known pathogen.
Wang's lab used a technique called high throughput DNA sequencing to study patients' nasal secretions. The approach involves chopping up all genetic material from the secretions and rapidly and randomly reading the coding of that material.
They found signs in one patient of a virus with limited similarity to polyoma viruses. The genetic material of the new virus is arranged in a similar fashion, encoded in circular, double-stranded DNA, and the virus's five proteins have similarities to the proteins of other polyoma viruses.
Other previously identified polyoma viruses are widespread in the general population, where they typically produce no symptoms. Scientists have shown in animal models that they can produce multiple tumors, but they are still not certain if the viruses can have the same effects in humans.
In patients with immune deficiencies, polyoma viruses can pose serious health threats. For example, one of the most infamous polyoma viruses, the JC virus, is a leading secondary infection in HIV patients. It causes a life-threatening neurological disorder called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
After identifying the WU virus in the lungs of the Australian patient, researchers found it in the respiratory tract secretions of another 43 patients in Australia and St. Louis, suggesting that the virus may be geographically widespread. There are early suggestions that the virus may be a secondary infection more likely to invade when hosts already are dealing with another infectious agent.
Polyoma viruses previously have been named after the initials of the patient in whom they were first discovered. Given enhanced patient privacy measures such as the United States' Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, that's no longer possible. So the virus was named after Washington University.
In addition to the follow-up needed to link the WU virus to respiratory disease, Wang will try to determine if the virus has more serious effects in patients with suppressed immune systems.
Gaynor AM, Nissen MD, Whiley DM, Mackay IM, Lambert SB, Wu G, Brennan DC, Storch GA, Sloots TP, Wang D. Identification of a novel polyomavirus from patients with acute respiratory tract infections. Public Library of Science Pathogens, 2007 May 4; 3(5) e64.
本人认领此文. 如在24小时内未能提交译文, 其他战友自由认领.
原文3567，译文1177字。
Study of Unexplained Respiratory Infections Leads Researchers to New Virus
研究原因不明的呼吸道感染，使研究人员发现新型病毒
Newswise — An ongoing effort to identify the microorganisms that make us sick hasdiscovered a new virus potentially linked to unexplained respiratory infections.
Newswise —我们一直在努力识别那些可以使我们患病的微生物，现在这种努力让我们发现了一种新的病毒，它可能与原因不明的呼吸道感染有关。
Clinicians can typically use a patient's symptoms to determine that a virus is the likely culprit in a respiratory infection. However, even with advanced testing they still can't pin the blame on a particular virus in roughly one-third of all such infections.
医生通常可以从患者的症状来确定病毒可能是呼吸道感染的罪魁祸首，但是即使是采用先进的检测手段，大约三分之一的此类感染仍然不能归罪于某一特定病毒。
Scientists can't yet prove that the new virus, known as the WU virus, is making patients sick. But senior author David Wang, Ph.D., of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, is suspicious enough that he's started follow-up studies.
科学家们尚无法证明这种被称为WU病毒的新病毒可以致病。但主要作者、美国圣路易斯华盛顿大学医学院David Wang博士认为新病毒足以致病，并已开始了随访研究。
"We've completed the first step required to link the WU virus to disease," explains Wang, who is an assistant professor of molecular microbiology. "First, you have to detect the potential pathogen in someone who's sick. Then you have to develop a way to grow the new microorganism in the laboratory. Finally, you have to show that you can make an animal model sick by exposing it to the microorganism."
分子微生物助理教授David Wang 说：“WU病毒与疾病有关，我们已经完成了第一步研究。首先，你要检测患者体内潜在的病原体。然后，你要寻找一种方法，在实验室培养这种微生物。最后，你必须证明你可以用这种微生物使动物模型致病。”
These steps, known to microbiologists as Koch's postulates, were established in the 19th century. Wang says they represent the scientific "gold standard" for linking a microorganism to disease, but as technology has made it possible for scientists to identify viruses before culturing them, the postulates haven't always been followed. For example, scientists have long accepted the hepatitis C virus as a cause of disease, but they only successfully grew it in the lab in the past year.
这些微生物学家称之为柯赫氏法则的步骤确立于19世纪。 Wang说，在探讨微生物与疾病的关系时，这一法则代表了科学的“金标准”，但由于科技已使得研究人员在培养病毒之前就可以验明其正身，因此也并不总是遵循柯赫氏法则。例如，研究人员早就接受了一种观点，即C型肝炎病毒可以致病，但至到去年，他们才在实验室培养成功C型肝炎病毒。
The research appeared in Public Library of Science Pathogens on May 4. It was supported in part by a grant from the Midwest Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Disease Research, a multi-institutional research center anchored at Washington University.
研究发表于《Public Library of Science Pathogens》 5月4日刊。它的部分资金来自中西部地区生物防御及新兴传染病研究中心，这是华盛顿大学内的一个多院所联合研究中心。
For the study, collaborators at The Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, provided samples from patients with respiratory infections. Despite an exhaustive battery of tests, Australian researchers had not been able to link the infections to any known pathogen.
在这项研究中，澳大利亚墨尔本皇家儿童医院的合作者提供呼吸道感染的患者样本，尽管这些澳大利亚研究人员做了一系列详尽彻底的检查，也未能发现感染与任何已知病原体有关。
Wang's lab used a technique called high throughput DNA sequencing to study patients' nasal secretions. The approach involves chopping up all genetic material from the secretions and rapidly and randomly reading the coding of that material.
Wang的实验室采用一种称为高通量DNA序列测定的方法，检测患者的鼻腔分泌物。这一方法将分泌物中的全部遗传物质切碎并迅速、随机读取编码。
They found signs in one patient of a virus with limited similarity to polyoma viruses. The genetic material of the new virus is arranged in a similar fashion, encoded in circular, double-stranded DNA, and the virus's five proteins have similarities to the proteins of other polyoma viruses.
他们发现一名患者的病毒与多瘤病毒有少许类似。新病毒的遗传物质排列方式与多瘤病毒类似，编码为环状的双链DNA，新病毒的五个蛋白质与其他多瘤病毒有相似之处。
Other previously identified polyoma viruses are widespread in the general population, where they typically produce no symptoms. Scientists have shown in animal models that they can produce multiple tumors, but they are still not certain if the viruses can have the same effects in humans.
其他以前确定的多瘤病毒普遍存在于一般民众，通常无症状。研究人员已经用动物模型证明，它们可以导致多种肿瘤，但不能明确这些病毒是否对人也有同样致瘤作用。
In patients with immune deficiencies, polyoma viruses can pose serious health threats. For example, one of the most infamous polyoma viruses, the JC virus, is a leading secondary infection in HIV patients. It causes a life-threatening neurological disorder called progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
在免疫功能缺陷的患者，多瘤病毒可对健康造成严重威胁。例如，JC病毒这种最臭名昭著的多瘤病毒，是艾滋病患者最常见的继发感染源，它造成一种威胁生命的神经紊乱，称为进行性多病灶脑白质病。
After identifying the WU virus in the lungs of the Australian patient, researchers found it in the respiratory tract secretions of another 43 patients in Australia and St. Louis, suggesting that the virus may be geographically widespread. There are early suggestions that the virus may be a secondary infection more likely to invade when hosts already are dealing with another infectious agent.
在明确澳洲肺部感染患者的病毒为WU病毒后，研究人员在澳大利亚和美国圣路易斯的另外43名患者的呼吸道分泌物中也发现了这种病毒，提示病毒地理分布广泛。早期迹象表明，在宿主已经患另一种感染时，这种病毒可能更容易作为二次感染入侵。
Polyoma viruses previously have been named after the initials of the patient in whom they were first discovered. Given enhanced patient privacy measures such as the United States' Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, that's no longer possible. So the virus was named after Washington University.
此前多瘤病毒的名称来源于首次发现病毒感染的患者姓名缩写。目前保护患者隐私的措施不断加强，如美国的健康保险流通与责任法案的实施，使这种命名法不再可能。因此，这种新病毒被命名为华盛顿大学病毒。
In addition to the follow-up needed to link the WU virus to respiratory disease, Wang will try to determine if the virus has more serious effects in patients with suppressed immune systems. 除了WU病毒与呼吸系统疾病相关的随访以外，Wang还将努力明确是否此病毒对免疫系统抑制的患者影响更为严重。
Gaynor AM, Nissen MD, Whiley DM, Mackay IM, Lambert SB, Wu G, Brennan DC, Storch GA, Sloots TP, Wang D. Identification of a novel polyomavirus from patients with acute respiratory tract infections. Public Library of Science Pathogens, 2007 May 4; 3(5) e64.
个人观点，仅供参考：
Leads Researchers to New Virus
引导研究人员发现新型病毒
使研究人员发现了新型病毒
identify
鉴别
识别
the postulates haven't always been followed
因此也并不是经常遵循柯赫氏法则
因此也并不总是遵循柯赫氏法则
the Midwest Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Disease Research,
生物防御及新兴传染病疾病研究的中西部地区中心
中西部地区生物防御及新兴传染病研究中心
a multi-institutional research center anchored at Washington University.
这是位于华盛顿大学的一个多体制研究室。
这是华盛顿大学内的一个多院所联合研究中心。
Despite an exhaustive battery of tests
尽管这些澳大利亚研究人员费尽心机
尽管这些澳大利亚研究人员做了一系列详尽彻底的检查
编译。。谢谢假行家战友的指正，近来觉得进步不小。俺会在以后的翻译里继续努力，精益求精，也希望继续关注挑错。
美国研究人员发现了一种新的病毒，它可能与原因不明的呼吸道感染有关。（Public Library of Science Pathogens 5月4日）
医生通常可以从患者的症状来确定病毒可能是呼吸道感染的罪魁祸首，但是即使是采用先进的检测手段，大约三分之一的呼吸道感染也不能将明确归罪于某一特定病毒。
本研究中，澳大利亚墨尔本皇家儿童医院的合作者们提供了呼吸道感染患者的鼻腔分泌物样本，尽管他们做了一系列详尽彻底的检查，也未能发现感染与任何已知病原体有关。
华盛顿大学医学院分子微生物助理教授David Wang的实验室采用一种称为高通量DNA序列测定的方法，将患者样本中的全部遗传物质切碎并迅速、随机读取编码。他们发现一名患者的病毒的遗传物质排列方式与多瘤病毒类似，编码为循环的双链DNA，新病毒的五个蛋白质与其他多瘤病毒也有相似之处。
在明确澳洲肺部感染患者的病毒为WU病毒的新病毒后，研究人员在澳大利亚和美国圣路易斯的另外43名患者的呼吸道分泌物中也发现了这种病毒，提示病毒地理分布广泛。早期迹象表明，在宿主已经患另一种感染时，这种病毒可能更容易作为二次感染入侵。
在探讨微生物与疾病的关系时，通常采用确立于19世纪的柯赫氏法则。它代表了科学的“金标准”，主要步骤有三，首先，检测患者体内潜在的病原体；其次，寻找一种方法在实验室培养这种微生物；最后，证明可以用这种微生物使动物模型致病。由于科技已使得研究人员在培养病毒之前就可以验明其正身，因此也并不总是遵循柯赫氏法则。例如研究人员早就接受 C型肝炎病毒可以致病这一观点，但至到去年，C型肝炎病毒才在实验室培养成功。
同样，研究人员尚无法证明这种称为WU病毒的新病毒可以致病。但David Wang博士坚信WU病毒与疾病有关，称自己的小组已经完成了第一步研究，并已开始随访研究。
其他以前确定的多瘤病毒普遍存在于一般民众，通常无症状。动物实验表明，这些病毒可以导致多种肿瘤，但是否对人也有同样致瘤作用还不能明确。
多瘤病毒可对免疫功能缺陷的患者健康造成严重威胁。例如，臭名昭著JC病毒是艾滋病患者最常见的继发感染源，它导致进行性多病灶脑白质病，可危及生命。
此前多瘤病毒的名称来源于首次发现病毒感染的患者姓名缩写。目前保护患者隐私的措施不断加强，如美国健康保险流通与责任法案的实施，使这种命名法不再可能。因此新病毒被命名为华盛顿大学病毒。
除了WU病毒与呼吸系统疾病相关性的随访以外，Wang还将努力明确是否此病毒对免疫系统抑制的患者影响更为严重。（丁香）