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Re:【medical-news】厄他培南用于预防择期结直肠手术感染

厄他培南用于预防择期结直肠手术感染 Megan Rauscher撰稿

约(路透社健康版)12月21——一项随机、双盲的研究结果显示厄他培南(怡万之,默克公司)在预防择期结直肠手术病人手术部位感染方面优于头孢替坦,但可能与难辨梭菌感染的增加有关。
“头孢替坦是少数几个被推荐的结直肠手术预防用抗生素之一,很久以来就是在择期结直肠手术中应用最广泛的预防剂。”弗吉尼亚波士顿保健系统的Kamal Itani博士告诉路透社健康版。
当前研究的结果—发表在12月21日的新英格兰医学杂志上—“是及时的,因为头孢替坦被它的制造商停止了,” Itani说。基于这些结果,“厄他培南可成为择期结直肠手术预防用药中一个有力的选择,”这位研究者补充说。
在此研究中,1002名病人在进行择期手术之前随机输注1克剂量的厄他培南或2克剂量的头孢替坦,输注在60分钟之内完成,大约有30分钟的输注时长。
厄他培南的全面预防失败率是40.2%,头孢替坦是50.9%,有10.7%的绝对差异支持厄他培南。在338名用厄他培南治疗的和334名用头孢替坦治疗的病人的“按方案分析”中,失败率分别为28.0%和 42.8%,又有14.8%的绝对差异支持厄他培南。
虽然目的是为了证明厄他培南相对于头孢替坦的非劣性,“但在手术后4周有利的临床反应率和手术后手术部位感染(包括表皮感染和器官腔隙感染)降低率方面,厄他培南更胜一筹,”该团队报告。

“有了改善的结果,这就能转化为外科医生的一个新选择,并具有重要的公共卫生利益——降低外科发病率,” Itani博士说。
厄他培南组的难辨梭菌感染的发生率高于头孢替坦组,(1.7%和 0.6%, p = 0.22),甚至虽然差异没有统计学意义,“但它是一个令人关心的事,如果细菌的高致命形式会产生,”作者说。
本研究受到默克公司的支持。
在同时发表的另一篇社论中,来自北加州杜伦市杜克大学的Daniel J. Sexton博士提出,高的全面失败率可能源于对失败的定义中包含了手术后抗生素和吻合部位渗漏的莫名其妙的应用。高手术部位感染率可以由此事实得到解释:四分之一多的受试者都是肥胖的。
Sexton博士也关心卡巴培南类抗生素抵抗的发生,写道,关于结直肠手术中广泛应用的其它药物的进一步数据可能回答如下三个问题:“厄他培南作为结直肠手术预防用药的益处能超过在社区中推广应用卡巴培南类抗生素带来的风险吗?厄他培南能等于或优于头孢替坦外的其它药吗?最后,厄他培南作为手术预防药使用会加剧卡巴培南类抗生素抵抗的机体导致的业已令人不安的、严重的趋势吗?”
新英格兰杂志2006;355;2640-2651,2693-2694.

Ertapenem Prophylaxis an Option in Elective Colorectal Surgery By Megan Rauscher
厄他培南用于预防择期结直肠手术感染 Megan Rauscher撰稿

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) Dec 21 - Results of a randomized, double-blind study suggest that ertapenem (Ivanz; Merck & Co.) is superior to cefotetan for prevention of surgical-site infection in patients having elective colorectal surgery, but may be associated with an increase in Clostridium difficile infection.
纽约(路透社健康版)12月21——一项随机、双盲的研究结果显示厄他培南(怡万之,默克公司)在预防择期结直肠手术病人手术部位感染方面优于头孢替坦,但可能与难辨梭菌感染的增加有关。
"Cefotetan is one of a few recommended prophylactic antibiotics in colorectal surgery and has long been the most widely used prophylactic agent for elective colorectal surgery," Dr. Kamal Itani from the VA Boston Healthcare System told Reuters Health.
“头孢替坦是少数几个被推荐的结直肠手术预防用抗生素之一,很久以来就是在择期结直肠手术中应用最广泛的预防剂。”弗吉尼亚波士顿保健系统的Kamal Itani博士告诉路透社健康版。
The results of the current study, appearing in The New England Journal of Medicine December 21, "are timely since cefotetan was recently discontinued by its manufacturer," Dr. Itani said. Based on the results, "ertapenem emerges as a potential strong option for elective colorectal surgery prophylaxis," the researcher added.
当前研究的结果—发表在12月21日的新英格兰医学杂志上—“是及时的,因为头孢替坦被它的制造商停止了,” Itani说。基于这些结果,“厄他培南可成为择期结直肠手术预防用药中一个有力的选择,”这位研究者补充说。
In the study, 1,002 patients were randomized to a single dose of 1 g of ertapenem or 2 grams of cefotetan infused over a 30-minute period within 60 minutes before elective colorectal surgery.
在此研究中,1002名病人在进行择期手术之前随机输注1克剂量的厄他培南或2克剂量的头孢替坦,输注在60分钟之内完成,大约有30分钟的输注时长。
The rate of overall prophylactic failure was 40.2% with ertapenem and 50.9% with cefotetan, an absolute difference of 10.7% favoring ertapenem. In the "per-protocol analysis" of 338 ertapenem-treated and 334 cefotetan-treated patients, the failure rate was 28.0% and 42.8%, respectively, an absolute difference of 14.8% again favoring ertapenem.
厄他培南的全面预防失败率是40.2%,头孢替坦是50.9%,有10.7%的绝对差异支持厄他培南。在338名用厄他培南治疗的和334名用头孢替坦治疗的病人的“按方案分析”中,失败率分别为28.0%和 42.8%,又有14.8%的绝对差异支持厄他培南。
Although the intention was to demonstrate the noninferiority of ertapenem compared with cefotetan, "ertapenem was superior in terms of the proportion of favorable clinical responses and the reduction in postoperative surgical-site infections (including superficial infection and organ-space infection) 4 weeks after surgery," the team reports.
虽然目的是为了证明厄他培南相对于头孢替坦的非劣性,“但在手术后4周有利的临床反应率和手术后手术部位感染(包括表皮感染和器官腔隙感染)降低率方面,厄他培南更胜一筹,”该团队报告。

"Given the improved clinical outcomes, this potentially translates to a new option for surgeons with an important public health benefit -- reduction of surgical morbidity," Dr. Itani said.
“有了改善的结果,这就能转化为外科医生的一个新选择,并具有重要的公共卫生利益——降低外科发病率,” Itani博士说。
The incidence of C. difficile infection was higher in the ertapenem group than in the cefotetan group (1.7% vs 0.6%, p = 0.22). Even though the difference was not statistically significant, "it is a concern, given the emergence of a highly virulent form of the bacterium," the authors note.
厄他培南组的难辨梭菌感染的发生率高于头孢替坦组,(1.7%和 0.6%, p = 0.22),甚至虽然差异没有统计学意义,“但它是一个令人关心的事,如果细菌的高致命形式会产生,”作者说。
The study was supported by Merck & Co.
本研究受到默克公司的支持。
In an accompanying editorial, Dr. Daniel J. Sexton of Duke University, Durham, North Carolina offers that the high overall failure rates may stem from the inclusion of unexplained use of postoperative antibiotics and anastomotic leaks in the definition of failure. The high rates of surgical-site infections may be explained by the fact that more than a quarter of the subjects were obese.
在同时发表的另一篇社论中,来自北加州杜伦市杜克大学的Daniel J. Sexton博士提出,高的全面失败率可能源于对失败的定义中包含了手术后抗生素和吻合部位渗漏的莫名其妙的应用。高手术部位感染率可以由此事实得到解释:四分之一多的受试者都是肥胖的。
Dr. Sexton is also concerned about the emergence of carbapenem resistance and writes that further data on other widely used agents in colorectal surgery would permit answers to three key questions: "Does the benefit of ertapenem as prophylaxis for colorectal surgery outweigh the risk of further promoting carbapenem in the community? Is ertapenem as good as or better than commonly used regimens other than cefotetan? Finally, will the use of ertapenem as surgical prophylaxis aggravate an already worrisome and serious trend of infection caused by carbapenem-resistant organisms."
Sexton博士也关心卡巴培南类抗生素抵抗的发生,写道,关于结直肠手术中广泛应用的其它药物的进一步数据可能回答如下三个问题:“厄他培南作为结直肠手术预防用药的益处能超过在社区中推广应用卡巴培南类抗生素带来的风险吗?厄他培南能等于或优于头孢替坦外的其它药吗?最后,厄他培南作为手术预防药使用会加剧卡巴培南类抗生素抵抗的机体导致的业已令人不安的、严重的趋势吗?”
N Engl J Med 2006;355;2640-2651,2693-2694.
新英格兰杂志2006;355;2640-2651,2693-2694.
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