中医英语课的课堂笔记，贴上来大家一起学习！
中医英语翻译特点：
1．借用英语中已有单词的重新排列组合向英语语言输入中医特有的概念和表达法
肝血 Liver blood
血虚 Blood deficiency
活血化瘀 Activating blood to resolve stasis
恶风 aversion to wind
倦怠 fatigue and lack of strength
肝气犯胃 Liver-Qi invading the stomach
2．定义化：用英语给予中医概念下定义
辨证论治 treatment based on syndrome, or syndrome differentiation and treatment
奔豚 a syndrome characterized by a feeling of gas rushing up through the throat to throat from the lower abdomen
虚胀 deficiency –flatulence
3。多样化：
虚：Deficiency, asthenia, insufficiency, weakness, debility, hypofunction
4．拼音化：Tuina
中医英语翻译原则
由于素体脾胃虚弱，或久病失血伤阴，致阴血不足，胞脉失养。The disease results from chronic splenogastric asthenia, or yin-consumption by bleeding with chronic illness, leading to hemopenia and failure to nourish the uterine collaterals.
如果气化功能失常，就会影响到气、血、津液的新陈代谢，影响饮食物的消化吸收，影响汗液、尿液和粪便的排泄，从而形成各种各样代谢异常的疾病。
The disorder of Qi activity can affect the metabolism of Qi, blood and body fluid, impair the digestion and absorption of food, and inhibit sweating, urination and defecation, resulting in various metabolic diseases.
三焦 , 现统一 为triple energizer
Translation of TCM terminology
补：tonify, invigorate, strengthen, supplement
实火：Excessive fire, Solid fire
温病：Seasonal febrile disease
哮喘： Dyspnea and asthmatic breathing
引火归原: conduct the fire returning to the original place
肺痨: consumptive disease of the lung
黄帝内经：yellow emperor’s canon of internal medicine
The theory of Yinyang and Five-elements
Plain questions《素问》 Miraculous Pivot 《灵枢经》
Classic on Medical Problems 《难经》 Shen Nong’s Herbal《神农本草经》
Treatise on Febrile Diseases《伤寒论》
Synopsis of Prescriptions of Golden Cabinet 《金匮要略》
A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion《针灸甲乙经》
General Treatise on the Etiology and Symptomsology《诸病源候论》
Theory of TCM
Materialism 唯物主义
疾病可知又可防治The diseases are cognizable and curable
Dialectics 辩证法
正气存内，邪不可干When there is sufficient healthy qi inside, pathogenic factors have no way to invade the body
Basic characteristics of TCM
整体观念 The holistic concept ；the concept of the organism as a whole
The concept of organic whole refers to the integral unity of the human body and its close relationship with the outer world.
从阳引阴，从阴引阳，以左治右，以右治左 Drawing yin from yang and drawing yang from yin; treating the right for curing disease on the left and treating the left for curing disease on the right.
辨证论治Syndrome differentiation and treatment
同病异治Treating the same disease with different therapies
异病同治Treating different disease with the same therapy
阴阳五行学说部分
阴阳学说Theory of yin and yang or doctrine of yin and yang
阴中之阴与阳中之阳Yin within yin and yang within yang
阴阳互根Yin and yang are rooted in each other
阴阳转化Yin-yang conversion
阴阳自和Natural harmony of yin and yang； spontaneous harmonization of yin and yang
阴阳消长Growth and decline between yin and yang
阴平阳秘Yang steadies while yin calms ；calm yin and sound yang
阴阳两虚Simultaneous asthenia of yin and yang,国外译作dual vacuity of yin and yang
阴阳离绝Dissociation or separation of yin and yang
阴胜则寒Excessive of yin causing cold or predominance of yin leads to cold syndrome
阴损及阳Impairment of yin affecting yang or consumption of yin involving yang
阴阳俱损Simultaneous impairment of yin and yang
阴胜格阳Predominant yin rejecting yang or excessive yin repelling yang
Yin and Yang-the law of nature
Things or phenomena which are dynamic, bright, hot, functional, etc, pertain to yang, while those that are static, dark, cold, substantial, etc, pertain to yin
Yin and yang are the law of heaven and earth, the principles of all things, the parents of all changes, the origin of life and death
The content of the theory of Yin and Yang
Opposition n.反对, 敌对, 相反
Interdependence n.互相依赖
Relative waxing and waning 【医】消长变化
Transformation 转化
All things and phenomena in the natural world contain the two opposite components
阴盛则阳病，…。Yin in excess causing yang disease, while yang in excess leading to yin disease
在中医里，常见“x则y”的结构，x为因，y为果,可将则译为
Causing Inducing Leading to Bring on Give rise to Produce Make
阳虚则外寒Yang deficiency causing external cold
阳盛则热Excessive yang leading to heat
在很多术语里没“则”字，但因果关系存在，译法相同
热极生风Over-heat generating wind
阴虚阳亢Deficiency of yin inducing hyperactivity of yang
独阴不生，独阳不长 Neither can exist in isolation without its opponent’s existence
阴在内，阳之守也；阳在外，阴之使也 “Yin remains inside to act as a guard for yang; while yang stays outside to serve as an actor of yin”. Yin refers to the material basis of functional activity of yang while yang to functional activity
Yin and Yang opposing each other and depending on each other for existence are not static but in a dynamic state, i.e., yin wanes（消减）, yang waxes（增多）, and vice versa
一定条件下，阴阳可互化In given conditions, either yin or yang may transform into its opposite
阴盛则阳，阳盛则阴“Extreme yin gives rise to yang, while extreme yang gives rise to yin”
寒极生热，热极生寒“Extreme cold brings on heat, while extreme heat brings on cold”
物极则反 Things will develop in the opposite direction when they become extreme
Uses of theory of Yin and Yang in TCM
To explain the tissues and structures of the human body
“Man, having a form, can not deviate from yin and yang”
To explain the physiological function of the human body
阴平阳密，精神乃至；阴阳绝离，精气乃绝 “the equilibrium of yin and yang makes the vitality well-conserved; the divorce (departure) of yin and yang essence-qi exhausted”
To explain the pathological change
阳盛则热，阴盛则寒；阳虚则寒，阴虚则热 “Excessive yang leads to heat syndromes and excessive yin causes cold syndrome; deficiency yang results in cold syndrome and deficiency yin causes heat syndrome”
阴损及阳，阳损及阴Yin deficiency involving yang, deficiency impairment involving yin
To diagnose and treat disease
实者泄之Treating excess syndrome with purgation
中医的“者…之”可采取“treating …with”, “治法+证名”
虚者补之Treating deficiency syndrome with invigoration (or invigorating deficiency)
寒者热之Treating cold syndrome with hot-natured drugs (or heating the cold)
热者寒之Treating heat syndrome with cold-natured drugs (or cooling the heat)
益火之源，以消阴翳Restraining predominant yin by reinforcing yang
Treating yang for yin disease
壮水之主，以制阳光Restraining predominant yang by strengthening yin
Treating yin for yang disease
Theory of five elements
The formation of the theory of five elements：Wood Fire Earth Metal Water
相生 Inter-generation or mutual promotion, or inter-promotion
Inter-generation means one kind of object generates, strengthens or brings forth another one
五行的任何一行都有“生我”和“我生”的双重性，生我者为“母”，我生者为“子”.Each of the five elements contains the dual nature- “being-generated” and “generating”. The element that generate is called “the mother”, whlie the element that is generated is called “the child”.
相克 Mutual restriction (inhibition)
Restriction connotes（意味着） bringing under control or restraint
Each of the five elements is marked by “being restricted” and “restricting”
相乘 Over- restriction or subjugation
One element subdues the other when the latter is weak
相侮 Reverse restriction or counter-restriction
The strong one bullies the weak one
Both are the abnormal inter-restriction
The application of the theory of five elements
Explaining the correlations between the five viscera
Expounding（阐述） pathological influences between the five viscera
母病及子，子病及母mother-organ’s disorder affecting its child organ, child-organ’s disorder involving mother organ
Diagnosing and treating diseases
知肝之病，当先实脾 When liver diseases occurs, it will spread to the spleen, so the qi of the spleen should be reinforced before it is affected
子虚补母，母实泄子If hypofunction is found in the son-organ, the mother-organ should be tonified; if hyperfunction is found in the mother-organ, the son-organ should be treated with purgation
脏腑部分
藏象学说的翻译问题：有人译作viscera and their manifestation or state of viscera
脏腑: zangfu-organs or solid and hollow organs or zang-viscera and fu-viscera
五脏five-zang organs or five-zang viscera; 五脏作为一个统一的概念来使用可译作viscera
奇恒之府：extraordinary fu-organs or peculiar hollow organs
精气： vital essence, essence of life
先天之精prenatal or congenital essence
后天之精Postnatal or acquired essence
神： spirit, mind, vitality
精、气、神中译为spirit；在安神中译作mind；指人的精神状态译作vitality
中医的“官”是对某器官功能的比喻。译作organ
传导之官An organ in charge of transmission
决渎之官An organ in charge of water circulation
州都之官An organ likened to a reservoir
开窍于：Open into, as the window of, as the orifice of or specific body opening to
心开窍于舌The heart opens into the tongue
开窍疗法Opening orifice or resuscitation therapy
其华在：outward manifestation
在志为：Correspond to…in the emotions
心在志为喜The heart corresponds to joy in the emotion
合Associate with or connect with
肝合胆Liver associate with the gallbladder functionally
主Control, govern, dominate or be in charge of
五脏的共同生理特点是化生和贮藏精气；六腑的共同生理特点是受盛和传化水谷The common physiological functions of the five zang-organs are to produce and store essence; the common physiological functions of the six fu-organs are to receive, transport water and food.
有诸内，必形诸外Viscera inside the body must manifest themselves externally.
Heart
心为五脏之主 The heart is the monarch of all the organs
Its physiological functions：Controlling blood and vessels；Governing the mind
心藏神 The heart is the residence of the mind
心开窍于舌The heart opens into the tongue
心在液为汗Sweat as the fluid of the heart
心其华在面The heart has its outward manifestation in the face or complexion
心包 ：Pericardium, the peripheral tissue surrounding the heart, serve to protect the heart.
Invasion of pathogenic heat into the pericardium
Cord—心
Accord 一致 Discordance 不一致 Cordate 心脏形的 Concord 和睦、一致
Cardi —心
Cardiac心脏的；强心剂 Carditis 心肌炎 Bradycardia 心动过缓
Tachycardia 心悸亢进 Electrocardiogram 心电图
Lung
肺主气 Taking charge of the qi
肺为华盖 Canopy
宣发肃降 Activating the flow of qi , food essence and body fluid, clearing the inspired air and keeping it flowing downward and helping maintain normal water metabolism
主治节 Dominate qi, control respiration, govern dispersing and descending activities and regulate the water passage
肺其华在毛，开窍于鼻Being associated with the skin the hair and having its special opening in the nose
肺气通于喉Being a delicate organ leading up to the larynx
肺为娇脏，易感外邪The lung is a delicate organ, vulnerable to the attack of external influences
Pneum or pneumon---肺
Pneumonia n 肺炎 Pneumonic肺的；肺炎的 Pneumonorrhagia 肺出血
Pulmo or pulmon---肺
Pulmonic 肺的，肺炎的；肺病患者 Pulmometer 肺容量计
Spleen
脾主运化It controls transporting, and transforming water and food
脾统血It controls the blood of the whole body
脾为气血生化之源As the source for the production and transformation of qi and blood
脾主四肢肌肉The spleen dominates the muscles and limbs
脾开窍于口It opens into the mouth
在志为思，在液为涎 Associated with contemplation in emotions and saliva in its secretion
Splen—脾
Splenic 脾的 Splenomegaly 脾肿大 Splenectomy 脾切除术 Asplenia 无脾
Liver
肝藏血To store blood
肝主气To maintain free flow of qi (to smooth and regulate the flow of qi)
肝胃不和 Incoordination between the liver and the stomach
肝在体为筋Liver controls tendons
肝风内动 Liver-wind stirring inside
Nails and tendons have the same source of nutrients
爪为筋之余 The nail is the surplus of the tendon
肝开窍于目It opens into the eye
肝—hepat
Hepatitis 肝炎 Hepatoma 肝癌 Hepatocirrhosis 肝硬化
Hepatotoxin 肝毒素 Hepatic 肝脏的
Kidney
肾藏精气 Storing the essence of life
五脏之病，穷必及肾When diseases of all the other viscera are too severe, they are certain to involve the kidney
肾主生长发育Controlling growth, development and reproduction
主水、为气之根Regulating water metabolism and receiving qi
开窍于耳和二阴Kidney opens into the ears, anus and urethra
Nephr or ren
Nephritis 肾炎 Nephritic 肾的；肾炎的 Nephrolith 肾结石
Nephrology 肾脏学 Nephroid 肾形的
Renal ：Reniform 肾形的 Renopathy 肾病
Six-fu organs
六腑以通为用Taking unobstruction as the normal functional activity for the six-fu organs
六腑传化物而不藏The six fu-organs digest and transport food but not store it.
胆者中正之官,决断出焉The gallbladder is an organ like a mediator which is in charge of making a decision
Stomach
胃受纳腐熟水谷 The stomach is to receive, digest and transform water and food
胃为水谷之海 The reservoir of water and food
胃– gastr
Gastric 胃的 Gastrin胃泌素 Gastritis 胃炎 Gastronomist 美食家
Gastrotomy 胃切开术 Gastroenterology 肠胃病学 Gastroenteritis 肠胃炎
The small intestine
小肠分清泌浊Separating the clear from turbid
The large intestine
大肠传导An organ in charge of transmission, sending out the solid waste
Enter—肠
Dysentery 痢疾 Antidysenteric 抗痢疾药 Enteritis 肠炎
Mesentery 肠系膜 Mesenteric 肠系膜的 Enterotomy肠切开术
The urinary bladder
Ur-尿
Urination 排尿 Urology 泌尿外科 Albuminuria 蛋白尿
Anuria 无尿症 Dysuria 排尿困难 Polyuria 多尿
Frequent urination 尿频 Urgent urination 尿急
Unsmooth urination 尿涩 Uraemia 尿毒症 Diuresis 利尿
奇恒之腑Extraordinary organs
The brain, the medulla, the bones, the vessels, the gall bladder and the uterus
The head is the residence of intelligence
中医的…之府 The residence (house) of
病因部分
在中医看来，病因主要有六淫、疫气、七情、饮食不节、劳逸失度、外伤、痰饮、瘀血等。
As TCM sees it, etiology mainly includes the six exogenous pathogens, pestilence (epidemic pathogenic factors), seven emotions (emotional frustration), improper diet, overwork, traumatic injures, phlegm retention, blood stasis, etc.
千般灾难，不越三条，一者，经络受邪入脏腑，为内所因也；二者，四肢九窍，血脉相传，壅塞不通，为外皮肤所中也；三者，房室、金刃、虫兽所伤。
Diseases are exclusively caused by three kinds of pathogenic factors: the first group are endogenous ones caused by invasion of exogenous pathogenic factors into the viscera from the meridians; the second group are the ones attacking the skin, bringing on stagnation of the vessels that connect the four limbs and the nine orifices; and the third group are the injures caused by sexual indulgence, cut, insect and animal bites.
辨证求因
Determination of pathogenic factors based on the differentiation of symptoms and signs
Seeking the causative factors by differentiating symptoms and signs
Seeking cause of disease through differentiation of syndromes
Differentiating syndrome for etiology
Six exogenous pathogens
It refers to wind, cold, summer-heat, dampness, dryness and fire.
When the six qi become too excessive or deficient, or when the body’s resistance is too weak, the six qi will be changed into the pathogenic factors to attack the human body to cause diseases.
Surrounding ；Circumstances；In ；under
Disinfection may be a measure of paramount importance in disease prevention
The pathogenic features
The six exogenous pathogens have close relationship with the seasonal changes and living environment
They may singly invade the body or in combination
They may be transformed into each other
They invade the body via the body surface or from the mouth and nose or through both.
Wind
风为百病之长Wind is primary exogenous pathogenic factor in causing disease
Wind is the first and foremost factor to cause various diseases
Wind is the leading pathogen causing all diseases
风为阳邪Yang nature
风性开泄Upward and outward dispersion
风数行善变Rapid changes
Constant movement
be apt to migrate and vary quickly
诸暴强直，皆属于风Sudden spasm and rigidity of muscles result from wind
Cold
寒主凝滞Coagulative and obstructive nature
易伤阳气Consumption of yang-qi (impair yang-qi)
主收引Contraction (closure)
主停滞Stagnation (coagulation)
Summer-heat
主热Scorching nature
为阳邪Yang pathogenic factor
主炎上Upward dispersion
易伤津耗气Consumption of body fluid and qi
易合湿邪Frequent combination of dampness
诸病吐酸，暴注下迫，皆属于热
Vomiting with sour vomitus or spouting diarrhea with tenesmus is caused by heat.
Dampness
为阴邪Yin pathogenic factor
损伤阳气、阻滞气机Impairment of yang and obstruction of qi
主重浊Heaviness and turbidity
性粘滞Viscosity and stagnation
Dryness
主燥Dry in nature
易伤津伤肺It tends to impair body fluid and the lung
Fire
为阳邪Yang pathogenic factor
性炎热Scorching and burning upward in nature
易伤津Be liable to consume body fluid
易动风Stirring up the liver-wind
易致痈疮Causing carbuncles and sores
易动血Disturb blood circulation
疫Pestilence
It refers to pathogen of strong contagion, named as “epidemic toxins”, “perverse or unusual pathogens” and so forth.
疠气致病，有发病急骤、病情较重、症状相似、传染性强、易于流行等特点，如疫痢、白喉、丹痧、天花、霍乱、鼠疫等。
Sudden onset, severe conditions of illness, similar manifestations, strong infectivity and epidemicity are the basic pathological characteristics of pestilence. It can be seen in fulminant dysentery, diphthenia, scarlet fever, smallpox, cholera, the plague and so on.
怒伤肝Anger impairs the liver
喜伤心Excessive joy impairs the heart
悲伤肺Melancholy impairs the lung
思伤脾Excessive anxiety impairs the spleen
空伤肾Fear impairs the kidney.
怒则气上Anger drives qi to flow upward
喜则气消Joy makes qi sluggish
悲则气消Grief consumes qi
恐则气下Fear drives qi to flow downward；
惊则气乱Fright disorders qi
忧则气滞Over anxiety stagnates qi
Improper diet
过食温热或寒凉的食物Preference for superheated or over-cooled food
五味偏嗜Addiction to one of the five flavors
过食肥甘厚味Indulgence in a richly fatty and sweet diet
Maladjustment of work and rest
Overstrain：Physical overstrain；Mental strain；Sexual overstrain
Long-term leisure
Retention of phlegm and fluid
Both are the pathogenic substances produced during the course of a disease
痰不仅指从喉咙吐出来的痰，也包括瘰疬、痰核和停滞在脏腑经络等组织中而未排出来的痰液：Phlegm not only refers to sputum expectorated from the throat, but also includes scrofula, nodules and the thick liquid retained or stagnated in the viscera and meridians.
百病皆因痰作祟A lot of disorders result from mischiefs of phlegm
痰饮内停Internal retention of phlegm and water-pathogen
Blood stasis
瘀血或由气虚、气滞、血寒、血热等原因所造成，或由内外伤或血热妄行等原因所引起。
Blood stasis can be caused either by asthenia and stagnation of qi, blood-cold and blood-heat or by endogenous and exogenous injury and extravasation of blood due to blood-heat.
病机与防治
Pathogenesis[医]发病机理 Pathogenic mechanism
病机即疾病发生、发展与变化的机理。Pathogenesis refers to the mechanism involved in the occurrence, development and change of disease.
尽管疾病的种类繁多，临床征象错综复杂，但总离不开邪正盛衰、阴阳失调、气血失常、经络和脏腑功能紊乱等病机变化的一般规律。
Although diseases are various and clinical manifestations are complicated, pathogenesis, in general, involves no more than such factors as：
superabundance or decline of healthy qi and pathogenic factors ( waxing-waning of vital-qi and pathogen)--邪正盛衰；imbalance between yin and yang, disorder of qi and blood as well as dysfunction of the viscera and meridians---阴阳失调，气血失常、经络和脏腑功能紊乱等。
邪之所凑，其气必虚。
Where pathogenic factors accumulate,the parts of the body must be deficient in the vital-qi.
Pathogen invades into the body where vital qi must be deficient.
邪正盛衰Waxing-waning of vital-qi and pathogen
邪气盛则实，精气夺则虚
The exuberance of pathogens results in excess (sthenia) syndrome, while the depletion of essence-qi may bring on deficiency syndrome.
Excess type results from the rampancy of the invading pathogen, whereas the grave loss of vital qi brings on deficiency one.
正胜邪却则病退
When vital-qi prevails over pathogens, the disease tends to improvement or even complete recovery.
邪胜正衰则病进
When pathogens prevails over vital-qi, the disease tends to deterioration or even life comes to end.
虚证的临床表现是神疲体倦，面容憔悴，心悸气短，自汗，盗汗，五心烦热，畏寒肢冷，脉虚无力等。
The clinical manifestations of deficiency syndrome are lassitude, lusterless complexion, palpitation and shortness of breath, spontaneous sweating, night sweating, or feverish sensation over five centers, aversion to cold, and cold limbs and weak pulse,etc.
实证的临床表现是多痰，食谷不化，水液停聚，瘀血内阻，壮热，狂躁，声高气粗，腹痛拒按，二便不通，脉实有力等。
The clinical manifestation of excess syndrome are profuse phlegm, indigestion, accumulation of fluid and dampness, blood stasis, high fever, mania, high and hoarse voice, unpalpable abdominal pain, constipation, dysuria and powerful pulse,etc
至虚有盛候Symptoms of pseudo-excess in extreme deficiency
大实有羸状Symptoms of pseudo-deficiency in extreme excess
阴阳偏胜Relative predominance
阴阳偏衰Relative decline
阴阳互损Mutual consumption ；Mutual impairment
阴阳格拒Rejection between Yin and Yang；Repellence between Yin and Yang
阴盛格阳Excessive yin repelling yang ；Excessive yin hinders yang
阴阳亡失Exhaustion of both Yin and Yang ；Loss of both Yin and Yang
Depletion of both Yin and Yang
亡阳证是因阳气暴脱于外，不能固密津液，津无所依而随阳气外泄，故见冷汗淋漓、面色苍白、四肢厥冷、脉微欲绝等。
Yang depletion syndrome is caused by sudden loss of yang qi, in conjunction with this, the body fluid, losing its defence, begins to drain away, resulting in cold profuse sweating, pale complexion, cold limbs and a very weak pulse.
暴：Sudden onset of ；Sudden Acute excessive fulminant
暴盲：The sudden onset of blindness；Sudden blindness
暴厥：Sudden syncope
暴躁：Irascibility
暴病：Acute disease
暴饮暴食：Excessive drinking and voracious eating
暴发性火眼：Fulminant pink eye
暴怒：Excessive rage
冷汗淋漓：Cold polyhidrosis；Cold profuse sweating
脉微欲绝：Indistinct pulse；Very weak pulse；Faint pulse
Disorders of qi and blood气血失常
气血不和，百病乃变化而生。The disharmony of qi and blood may cause various disease.
气滞Qi stagnation
气逆Revered flow of qi；Reversed ascending
气陷Qi sinking
气闭Qi blockage；Qi obstruction
气脱Qi collapse
血虚Deficiency of blood；Hemotopenia
血瘀Blood stasis
血热Blood heat；血寒Blood cold
出血Bleeding
气不摄血Failure of the deficient qi to control blood flowing within the vessels
肝不藏血Inability of the liver to store blood
血热（迫血）亡行Blood extravasation due to blood-heat
Preventive rules防 护
治未病，防病：Preventive treatment of disease；Treatment before occurrence of disease
养生Health maintenance
Regulating mental activities； Keeping proper diet and regular hours
Doing regular physical exercises； Providing artificial immunity
既病防变
Preventing the development of disease
Taking precautions (safeguard) against the invasion of pathogens
见肝之病，知肝传脾，故当先实脾。
When liver diseases occurs, it will spread to the spleen, so the qi of the spleen should be reinforced before it is affected.
The spleen should be invigorated so long as the sick liver has been found out and transference of the sickness from the liver to the spleen.
Principle of treatment治 则
Routine-paradoxical treatment 正治反治
正治Routine treatment；Due treatment
反治Contrary treatment
热因热用Treating heat with heat；Heat remedy used for pseudo-heat disease
Treating pseudo-heat syndrome with hot-natured drug
寒因寒用Treating cold with cold
塞因塞用Treating obstruction by tonification
通因通用Treating diarrhea by purgation (cathartics)；
Purgation used for an excessively discharging disease
Biao-ben treatment 标本法则
治病必求于本Treatment determined by the essence of disease
Treatment aiding at the root cause of disease；
Searching for the primary cause of a disease in treatment
急则治其标Treating the secondary(biao) for emergency cases (reasons of urgency)
缓则治其本Treating the primary (ben) for chronic cases
扶正祛邪Strengthening vital qi and dispelling pathogens
扶正以祛邪Strengthening vital qi to eliminate pathogens
扶正固本Strengthening vital qi and consolidating the constitution
扶正不留邪，祛邪不伤正
The pathogen should not be ignored while strengthening vital qi, nor should vital qi be harmed while eliminating pathogen.
Regulation of Yin and Yang调整阴阳
损有余而益不足Reducing the excess and increasing the deficiency
滋阴抑阳Nourishing Yin to subdue hyperactive Yang
壮阳消阴Invigorating Yang to counteract excessive Yin
阳中求阴Generate Yin by activating Yang
阴中求阳Produce Yang by replenishing Yin
回阳救逆Restore Yang from collapse
Treatment according to three specific factors 三因治宜
因时治宜Treatment according to seasonal conditions
用寒远寒，用凉远凉，用温远温，用热远热，食宜同法。
Administering clod-natured drugs with great caution in winter, cool in autumn, warm in spring and hot in summer, and food-taking is the same.
因地治宜Treatment according to local conditions
因人治宜Treatment according to the physique of an individual (the constitution, age, sex and lifestyle)
thank you very much
很好，学习了
谢谢lz ！！！
